The Problematics Mitigation of Forest and Land Fire District Kerhutla) in Policy Perspective (A Case Study : Kalimantan and Sumatra in Period 2015-2019)

Abstract

Forests are the source of community life. In recent years the problem of natural disasters in forest fires (Kerhutla) in two provinces in Kalimantan and Sumatra has been very detrimental to the state and local communities. Disasters are events that can be social, economic and political. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that forest fires compared to 2015 and 2019, the largest forest and land burning was in 2015, which is the largest forest and burning area of around 2.6 million hectares. Meanwhile, in 2019 forest and land fires will reach 328,722 hectares. On average, forest fires are caused by humans such as land clearing and illegal logging, land clearing usually occurs every year, but this time the forest fires are organized. they are irresponsible parties who deliberately ride local communities to intentionally commit forest fires. In this study, research is analyzed through state-centric and communal analysis and market-based dynamics. The result is when viewed from the state-centric that the State through its governmental institutions has issued several policies at the national level to the local level while these countries are invited to participate in international cooperation to reduce and minimize fires. If viewed from a communal analysis that forest fires are not free from the surrounding culture. This is evidenced by the tradition claimed every year to open land for settlements. Apart from illegal logging and when viewed from a Market Based analysis that forest fires are precisely caused by companies that play to their advantage. In the case of forest and land fires, there is actually an interest to be achieved from forest and land fires. There is some data that results that there is political competition by the local political elite so that the forest fires occur. Forest fires will continue if the government cannot provide strict laws to irresponsible parties. The state must be present as a tool to control its citizens so as not to burn forests and land that harms the country.

Cultural strategies of the local and transmigrant communities in dealing with land and forest fire disasters in West Kotawaringin District, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

“…Their expertise in reading natural signs, such as the arrival of the long dry season, although it cannot directly prevent land fires from occurring, can make them more alert and prepare for anticipation. It is challenging for the local farmers to recognize certain signs that can be considered early warnings due to the characteristics of forest and land fires are different when compared to other natural disasters, especially considering that this is not solely caused by natural factors but also by human activities (anthropogenic) (Hu et al 2017;Sarmiasih and Pratama 2019;Watson et al 2019;Barmpoutis et al 2020). However, the local farmers will be aware of the arrival of the dry season, which begins around May to October.…”

“…Although the knowledge of transmigrant farmers in recognizing natural signs is not as complex as the knowledge of the local farmers due to less time to observe nature and experience in managing peatlands in the area compared to local communities who have managed peatlands for generations, it is quite effective to make them alert and anticipate the situation. Although such knowledge cannot directly prevent land fires, it can at least minimize economic losses due to disasters, especially if considering the different characteristics of forest and peatland fires that are not caused solely by natural factors but also by human activities or anthropogenic factors (Hu et al 2017;Sarmiasih and Pratama 2019;Watson et al 2019;Barmpoutis et al 2020). The land security system built by transmigrant farmers in the village of Kumpai Batu Bawah to prevent fire disasters is slightly different from that of the local farmers in Baru Village.…”

“…In 2015, the province even experienced the largest land and forest fire disaster in Indonesia, reaching 200,000 hectares (Lohberger et al 2017;Noor 2019). Hundreds of catastrophic forest and land fires in Central Kalimantan occurred on peatlands, particularly in degraded areas, due to multiple factors, including climate change, reduced forest cover, and massive human activities (Harrison et al 2016;Sarmiasih and Pratama 2019;Yulianti et al 2020a;Yulianti et al 2020b). Peatland fire disasters have become a global concern because it brings a much higher impact on smoke, and greenhouse gas emissions, which can reach 10 times that of fires on mineral lands (Sabani et al 2019;Akbar et al 2021;Daeli et al 2021).…”

Nilai-Nilai Budaya Melayu Riau pada Kebijakan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim

“…Selain itu faktanya meski pemerintah telah mengeluarkan berbagai regulasi atau kebijakan baik di tingkat nasional dan bahkan didukung kebijakan internasional, namun dari analisisis komunal menemukan bahwa penyebab karhutla tidak terlepas dari budaya masyarakat lokal. Maka disinilah kaitan antara budaya dan pemerintahan, dimana negara diharapkan hadir untuk mencari solusi permanen pengendalian karhutla dengan tetap melibatkan masyarakat dengan segala dinamikanya (Sarmiasih & Pratama, 2019).…”

The Political Law of Forest and Land Fire Management: A Case Study in Bengkalis and Meranti Islands Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia

“…In 2015, around 2.6 billion hectares of forest and land in Sumatra and Kalimantan burned (Purnomo et al, 2020). Then, according to data from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), the total amount of land burned nationwide Indonesia during January and August 2019 was 328,724 hectares, with about 3,218 hectares of that total area occurring in the province of Riau (Sarmiasih & Pratama, 2019). Currently, peatland forest fires are a more serious problem (Badri M et al, 2018).…”