The presence of Cholinomimetic and calcium channel antagonist constituents in Piper betle Linn.

Gastrointestinal, selective airways and urinary bladder relaxant effects of Hyoscyamus niger are mediated through dual blockade of muscarinic receptors and Ca2+ channels

“…This observation supports our previous findings that the Ca 2+ channel-blocking component is concentrated in the organic fractions [47,48]. This observation supports our previous findings that the Ca 2+ channel-blocking component is concentrated in the organic fractions [47,48].…”

“…The activity-directed fractionation study revealed that the Ca 2+ antagonist component, as opposed to the anticholinergic was concentrated in the petroleum ether fraction (around 10 times more potent than the parent extract), while the aqueous fraction was devoid of it. This observation supports our previous findings that the Ca 2+ channel-blocking component is concentrated in the organic fractions [47,48]. The relative potency difference against carbachol and K + -induced contractions in the organic fractions was less than that in the parent extract, probably because the Ca 2+ antagonist component is entirely concentrated in these fractions, while anticholinergic component is distributed in both organic and aqueous fractions.…”

Gastrointestinal, selective airways and urinary bladder relaxant effects of Hyoscyamus niger are mediated through dual blockade of muscarinic receptors and Ca2+ channels

“…This observation supports our previous findings that the Ca 2+ channel-blocking component is concentrated in the organic fractions [47,48]. This observation supports our previous findings that the Ca 2+ channel-blocking component is concentrated in the organic fractions [47,48].…”

“…The activity-directed fractionation study revealed that the Ca 2+ antagonist component, as opposed to the anticholinergic was concentrated in the petroleum ether fraction (around 10 times more potent than the parent extract), while the aqueous fraction was devoid of it. This observation supports our previous findings that the Ca 2+ channel-blocking component is concentrated in the organic fractions [47,48]. The relative potency difference against carbachol and K + -induced contractions in the organic fractions was less than that in the parent extract, probably because the Ca 2+ antagonist component is entirely concentrated in these fractions, while anticholinergic component is distributed in both organic and aqueous fractions.…”

Studies on the antihypertensive, antispasmodic, bronchodilator and hepatoprotective activities of the Carum copticum seed extract

“…The spasmogenic and spasmolytic activities of the plant material were studied by using isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig ileum preparations as described previously (Gilani et al, 2000). Respective segments of 2 cm length were suspended separately in 10 ml tissue baths containing Tyrode's solution, bubbled with a mixture of 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide (carbogen) and maintained at 37 • C. Composition of Tyrode's solution was: KCl 2.68, NaCl 136.9, MgCl 2 1.05, NaHCO 3 11.90, NaH 2 PO 4 0.42, CaCl 2 1.8 and glucose 5.55 mM.…”

Pharmacological evaluation and validation for the folkloric use of <i>Oligochaeta ramose</i> in constipation and diarrhea

“…It has been previously observed that spasmogenic (contractile) effect of the plants is usually mediated through cholinergic mechanism (acetylcholine like) (Gilani et al, 2000;Gilani et al, 2005), so for the conformation of this mechanism, spontaneous contracting isolated jejunum preparations were pretreated with 0.1 µM of atropine (anti-muscarinic agent) and waited for 25 min (tissue equilibration) before the administration of the plant extract (Arunlakhshana and Schild, 1959). Spasmogenic effect of the crude extract was completely abolished in atropinized tissue (Figure 1), while stimulatory effect of histamine remained unchanged, suggesting that the stimulatory effect is mediated through an acetylcholine like mechanism.…”

“…Spasmolytic effect of the medicinal plants is mostly mediated through calcium channel blocker (s) like activity (Gilani et al, 2000;Gilani et al, 2005). When crude extract was tested for its possible Ca 2+ antagonistic mechanisms, it caused the dose dependent relaxation of the K + (80 mM)-induced contraction in rabbit jejunum (Figure 3).…”

Gastrointestinal, selective airways and urinary bladder relaxant effects of Hyoscyamus niger are mediated through dual blockade of muscarinic receptors and Ca2+ channels

“…This observation supports our previous findings that the Ca 2+ channel-blocking component is concentrated in the organic fractions [47,48]. This observation supports our previous findings that the Ca 2+ channel-blocking component is concentrated in the organic fractions [47,48].…”

“…The activity-directed fractionation study revealed that the Ca 2+ antagonist component, as opposed to the anticholinergic was concentrated in the petroleum ether fraction (around 10 times more potent than the parent extract), while the aqueous fraction was devoid of it. This observation supports our previous findings that the Ca 2+ channel-blocking component is concentrated in the organic fractions [47,48]. The relative potency difference against carbachol and K + -induced contractions in the organic fractions was less than that in the parent extract, probably because the Ca 2+ antagonist component is entirely concentrated in these fractions, while anticholinergic component is distributed in both organic and aqueous fractions.…”

Studies on the antihypertensive, antispasmodic, bronchodilator and hepatoprotective activities of the Carum copticum seed extract

“…The spasmogenic and spasmolytic activities of the plant material were studied by using isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig ileum preparations as described previously (Gilani et al, 2000). Respective segments of 2 cm length were suspended separately in 10 ml tissue baths containing Tyrode's solution, bubbled with a mixture of 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide (carbogen) and maintained at 37 • C. Composition of Tyrode's solution was: KCl 2.68, NaCl 136.9, MgCl 2 1.05, NaHCO 3 11.90, NaH 2 PO 4 0.42, CaCl 2 1.8 and glucose 5.55 mM.…”

Pharmacological evaluation and validation for the folkloric use of <i>Oligochaeta ramose</i> in constipation and diarrhea

“…It has been previously observed that spasmogenic (contractile) effect of the plants is usually mediated through cholinergic mechanism (acetylcholine like) (Gilani et al, 2000;Gilani et al, 2005), so for the conformation of this mechanism, spontaneous contracting isolated jejunum preparations were pretreated with 0.1 µM of atropine (anti-muscarinic agent) and waited for 25 min (tissue equilibration) before the administration of the plant extract (Arunlakhshana and Schild, 1959). Spasmogenic effect of the crude extract was completely abolished in atropinized tissue (Figure 1), while stimulatory effect of histamine remained unchanged, suggesting that the stimulatory effect is mediated through an acetylcholine like mechanism.…”

“…Spasmolytic effect of the medicinal plants is mostly mediated through calcium channel blocker (s) like activity (Gilani et al, 2000;Gilani et al, 2005). When crude extract was tested for its possible Ca 2+ antagonistic mechanisms, it caused the dose dependent relaxation of the K + (80 mM)-induced contraction in rabbit jejunum (Figure 3).…”

Gastrointestinal, selective airways and urinary bladder relaxant effects of Hyoscyamus niger are mediated through dual blockade of muscarinic receptors and Ca2+ channels

“…This observation supports our previous findings that the Ca 2+ channel-blocking component is concentrated in the organic fractions [47,48]. This observation supports our previous findings that the Ca 2+ channel-blocking component is concentrated in the organic fractions [47,48].…”

“…The activity-directed fractionation study revealed that the Ca 2+ antagonist component, as opposed to the anticholinergic was concentrated in the petroleum ether fraction (around 10 times more potent than the parent extract), while the aqueous fraction was devoid of it. This observation supports our previous findings that the Ca 2+ channel-blocking component is concentrated in the organic fractions [47,48]. The relative potency difference against carbachol and K + -induced contractions in the organic fractions was less than that in the parent extract, probably because the Ca 2+ antagonist component is entirely concentrated in these fractions, while anticholinergic component is distributed in both organic and aqueous fractions.…”

Studies on the antihypertensive, antispasmodic, bronchodilator and hepatoprotective activities of the Carum copticum seed extract

“…The spasmogenic and spasmolytic activities of the plant material were studied by using isolated rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig ileum preparations as described previously (Gilani et al, 2000). Respective segments of 2 cm length were suspended separately in 10 ml tissue baths containing Tyrode's solution, bubbled with a mixture of 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide (carbogen) and maintained at 37 • C. Composition of Tyrode's solution was: KCl 2.68, NaCl 136.9, MgCl 2 1.05, NaHCO 3 11.90, NaH 2 PO 4 0.42, CaCl 2 1.8 and glucose 5.55 mM.…”

Pharmacological evaluation and validation for the folkloric use of <i>Oligochaeta ramose</i> in constipation and diarrhea

“…It has been previously observed that spasmogenic (contractile) effect of the plants is usually mediated through cholinergic mechanism (acetylcholine like) (Gilani et al, 2000;Gilani et al, 2005), so for the conformation of this mechanism, spontaneous contracting isolated jejunum preparations were pretreated with 0.1 µM of atropine (anti-muscarinic agent) and waited for 25 min (tissue equilibration) before the administration of the plant extract (Arunlakhshana and Schild, 1959). Spasmogenic effect of the crude extract was completely abolished in atropinized tissue (Figure 1), while stimulatory effect of histamine remained unchanged, suggesting that the stimulatory effect is mediated through an acetylcholine like mechanism.…”

“…Spasmolytic effect of the medicinal plants is mostly mediated through calcium channel blocker (s) like activity (Gilani et al, 2000;Gilani et al, 2005). When crude extract was tested for its possible Ca 2+ antagonistic mechanisms, it caused the dose dependent relaxation of the K + (80 mM)-induced contraction in rabbit jejunum (Figure 3).…”