The Plastidic Phosphoglucomutase from Arabidopsis. A Reversible Enzyme Reaction with an Important Role in Metabolic Control

Periappuram, Cyril; Steinhauer, Lee; Barton, Dennis L.; Taylor, David C.; Chatson, Brock; Zou, Jitao

doi:10.1104/pp.122.4.1193

Cited by 124 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The cytosolic PGM is involved in sucrose catabolism to provide intermediates for glycolysis, citric acid cycle, fatty acid, amino acid, glyoxylic acid cycle etc metabolic pathways [45]. Therefore, PGM plays an important role in the distribution of Glc-6-P to glycolytic, starch, citric acid, amino acid, and fatty acid pathways [46] Malonyl-CoA is the point of bifurcation of stilbenoid from the fatty acid biosynthetic pathways [28]. Therefore, in further verification of the resveratrol pathway, the fatty acid yields (Table 3) The integration of resveratrol biosynthesis, glycolysis, and glyoxylic-citric acid cycles by RNA probe 2X (Table 2) to become a single physiological machine complex defined the huge biochemical dimensions of the resveratrol biosynthetic pathway (Figure 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horticultural Production of Ultra High Resveratrol Peanut

Osuji¹,

Johnson²,

Duffus³

et al. 2017

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Background: Resveratrol naturally occurring antioxidant in peanut (Legume:Arachis hypogaea) has phytochemical human health dietary effects associated with reduced inflammatory cancer risks. Its levels in peanut are ultra-low and variable (0 to 26 µg•g −1 ), which has made it difficult to market as a consistent high resveratrol produce. Objective: Understanding the regulation of resveratrol accumulation in peanut might lead to development of new techniques for optimizing and stabilizing its yield. Method: Peanuts were cultivated in horticultural field plots and treated with solutions of mineral salts (sulfate, potassium, phosphate, ammonium ion) that were optimized in stoichiometric (reactive) ratios. Peanut seed's RNAs were subjected to Northern blot analysis for profiling the RNAs synthesized by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and mRNAs encoding resveratrol synthase. The seed's extracts were analyzed by GC-MS for determination of the resveratrol and fatty acid compositions. Result: Stoichiometric mixes of mineral ions induced the peanut GDH to synthesize some RNA that silenced the mRNAs encoding resveratrol synthase, phosphoglucomutase, isocitrate lyase, malate synthase, enolase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglycerate mutase in the control, KN-, and NPKS-treated but not in the NPPK-treated peanut. These resulted to decreased resveratrol content (6.0 µg•g −1

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horticultural Production of Ultra High Resveratrol Peanut

Osuji¹,

Johnson²,

Duffus³

et al. 2017

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“…To rule out the possibility that the low rate of oil accumulation in sse1 was simply a consequence of increased carbon flux into starch, we assessed the effect of abolishing starch synthesis on the production of oil in sse1. As shown in Figure 5B, although starch accumulation was prevented by introducing the starch synthesis mutants adg1 (Lin et al, 1988;Wang et al, 1998) or pgm1 (Caspar et al, 1985, Periappuram et al, 2000 into the sse1 background, the levels of oil in the sse1adg1 or sse1pgm1 double mutants and the sse1 single mutant (all in the C24 and Col hybrid background) were indistinguishably low, less than 10% of that in wild type C24 or Col. These results demonstrated that the low rate of oil deposition in sse1 was not caused by the increased starch synthesis.…”

Section: Sse1 Developing Embryos Exhibit Reduced Rates Of Fatty Acid mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Peroxisome Deficient Arabidopsis Mutant sse1 Exhibits Impaired Fatty Acid Synthesis

2004

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The Arabidopsis Shrunken Seed 1 (SSE1) gene encodes a homolog of the peroxisome biogenesis factor Pex16p, and a loss-of-function mutation in this gene alters seed storage composition. Two lines of evidence support a function for SSE1 in peroxisome biogenesis: the peroxisomal localization of a green fluorescent protein-SSE1 fusion protein and the lack of normal peroxisomes in sse1 mutant embryos. The green fluorescent protein-SSE1 colocalizes with the red fluorescent protein (RFP)-labeled peroxisomal markers RFP-peroxisome targeting signal 1 and peroxisome targeting signal 2-RFP in transgenic Arabidopsis. Each peroxisomal marker exhibits a normal punctate peroxisomal distribution in the wild type but not the sse1 mutant embryos. Further studies reported here were designed toward understanding carbon metabolism in the sse1 mutant. A time course study of dissected embryos revealed a dramatic rate decrease in oil accumulation and an increase in starch accumulation. Introduction of starch synthesis mutations into the sse1 background did not restore oil biosynthesis. This finding demonstrated that reduction in oil content in sse1 is not caused by increased carbon flow to starch. To identify the blocked steps in the sse1 oil deposition pathway, developing sse1 seeds were supplied radiolabeled oil synthesis precursors. The ability of sse1 to incorporate oleic acid, but not pyruvate or acetate, into triacylglycerol indicated a defect in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway in this mutant. Taken together, the results point to a possible role for peroxisomes in the net synthesis of fatty acids in addition to their established function in lipid catabolism. Other possible interpretations of the results are discussed.

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“…AGP catalyzes the conversion of Glc1P to ADPGlc that is then incorporated into starch granule in developing seeds (Kang and Rawsthorne, 1994;da Silva et al, 1997). A reduced AGP activity caused a decreased accumulation of starch as well as lipids in seeds of rapeseed, indicating a positive correlation between starch synthesis and the accumulation of lipids (Periappuram et al, 2000;Vigeolas et al, 2004). Taken together, these results suggest that seed-specific expression of BnLEC1 up-regulates a subset of genes that are positively correlated to FA synthesis, including those involved in Suc metabolism, glycolysis, and starch synthesis.…”

Section: Increased Expression Of Glycolytic and Suc Photoassimilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Seed Oil Production in Canola by Conditional Expression of Brassica napus LEAFY COTYLEDON1 and LEC1-LIKE in Developing Seeds

et al. 2011

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The seed oil content in oilseed crops is a major selection trait to breeders. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) and LEC1-LIKE (L1L) are key regulators of fatty acid biosynthesis. Overexpression of AtLEC1 and its orthologs in canola (Brassica napus), BnLEC1 and BnL1L, causes an increased fatty acid level in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, which, however, also show severe developmental abnormalities. Here, we use truncated napin A promoters, which retain the seed-specific expression pattern but with a reduced expression level, to drive the expression of BnLEC1 and BnL1L in transgenic canola. Conditional expression of BnLEC1 and BnL1L increases the seed oil content by 2% to 20% and has no detrimental effects on major agronomic traits. In the transgenic canola, expression of a subset of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and glycolysis is up-regulated in developing seeds. Moreover, the BnLEC1 transgene enhances the expression of several genes involved in Suc synthesis and transport in developing seeds and the silique wall. Consistently, the accumulation of Suc and Fru is increased in developing seeds of the transgenic rapeseed, suggesting the increased carbon flux to fatty acid biosynthesis. These results demonstrate that BnLEC1 and BnL1L are reliable targets for genetic improvement of rapeseed in seed oil production.

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The Plastidic Phosphoglucomutase from Arabidopsis. A Reversible Enzyme Reaction with an Important Role in Metabolic Control

Cited by 124 publications

References 29 publications

Horticultural Production of Ultra High Resveratrol Peanut

Horticultural Production of Ultra High Resveratrol Peanut

The Peroxisome Deficient Arabidopsis Mutant sse1 Exhibits Impaired Fatty Acid Synthesis

Enhanced Seed Oil Production in Canola by Conditional Expression of Brassica napus LEAFY COTYLEDON1 and LEC1-LIKE in Developing Seeds

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