Horticultural Production of Ultra High Resveratrol Peanut

Abstract

Background: Resveratrol naturally occurring antioxidant in peanut (Legume:Arachis hypogaea) has phytochemical human health dietary effects associated with reduced inflammatory cancer risks. Its levels in peanut are ultra-low and variable (0 to 26 µg•g −1 ), which has made it difficult to market as a consistent high resveratrol produce. Objective: Understanding the regulation of resveratrol accumulation in peanut might lead to development of new techniques for optimizing and stabilizing its yield. Method: Peanuts were cultivated in horticultural field plots and treated with solutions of mineral salts (sulfate, potassium, phosphate, ammonium ion) that were optimized in stoichiometric (reactive) ratios. Peanut seed's RNAs were subjected to Northern blot analysis for profiling the RNAs synthesized by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and mRNAs encoding resveratrol synthase. The seed's extracts were analyzed by GC-MS for determination of the resveratrol and fatty acid compositions. Result: Stoichiometric mixes of mineral ions induced the peanut GDH to synthesize some RNA that silenced the mRNAs encoding resveratrol synthase, phosphoglucomutase, isocitrate lyase, malate synthase, enolase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglycerate mutase in the control, KN-, and NPKS-treated but not in the NPPK-treated peanut. These resulted to decreased resveratrol content (6.0 µg•g −1

Total RNA Degradation <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> by Glutamate Dehydrogenase-Synthesized RNA Enzyme: Biotechnological Applications

“…In the control peanut, and those treated with P + S, P, N + S, N + P + K, and P + K stoichiometric mixes of mineral salt solutions where the mRNA encoding phosphate translocator was degraded, the chloroplastic triose phosphates were converted to starch, and exported as maltose to the cytoplasm for utilization in cellulose biosynthesis biomass accumulation. Accordingly, all the peanuts where the phosphate translocator mRNA was degraded produced substantially more pod yields (9418 -9822 kg per hectare) than those where the phosphate translocator mRNA was not degraded (6391 -7266 kg per hectare) in agreement with earlier observations [49]. Peanut treated with N + P + K + S stoichiometric mineral salt mix produced a higher seed yield (12,513 per hectare) because the phosphate translocator mRNA was not degraded (Figure 3(B)) and granule-bound starch synthase mRNA was only partially degraded (Figure 3 were differentially degraded (Figure 3(E)) in the peanuts treated with S, P + S, P, and P + K. stoichiometric mineral salt mixes.…”

“…The other mechanisms [13]- [20] that also control total RNA activities are housekeeping processes that are not sensitive to the crop's metabolic environment. When we subjected peanut to K + N stoichiometric mineral salt treatment (mineral nutrient deficiency/imbalance), the peanut produced a mega pod yield of 12,780 kg per hectare [49] compared with the USA peanut producer yield of 3184 -5936 kg per hectare [60] achieved with traditional time consuming, and laborious crop rotation and application of inactive fertilizers. This extraordinary > 200% increase in crop yield is the R&D application of GDH-synthesized RNA enzyme crop yield doubling biotechnology for the enhancement/optimization of food crop yields [23].…”

Resveratrol isoforms and conjugates: A review from biosynthesis in plants to elimination from the human body

“…CA is activated by 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase forming a ligation to coenzyme-A, leading to the formation of para-coumaroyl-CoA, which condensates with three molecules of malonyl-CoA, forming RESV under the action of the enzyme stilbene synthase (STS), also known as RESV synthase. [12,13] In a study undertaken by Osuji et al [14] it was proved that STS transcription can be silenced with an induced overexpression of glutamate dehydrogenase in peanuts, turning it into a suitable target to be silenced, leading to an overproduction of RESV.…”

Optimization of Cowpea Dry Grain Yield through the Stimulation of the RNA Synthetic Activity of NADH-Glutamate Dehydrogenase

“…In the light of the above inexplicably variable yield phenomena, cowpea could possess a complex molecular biology. An aim of this research program was to begin to decipher cowpea molecular biology and to optimize, and maximize the dry grain yield by applying the NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase-based crop nutritious yield doubling biotechnology [9]- [16].…”