This paper analyzes the convergence in CO 2 emissions per capita (CO 2 emissions over population) among ten South American countries from 1980 to 2010 based on their Kaya components [1], namely, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, energy intensity (energy consumption over GDP) and CO 2 intensity (CO 2 emissions over energy consumption). We apply Phillips and Sul (2007) methodology [2] to tests the existence of convergence clubs in the pathway of evolution of each Kaya component. This work tries to find out whether a set of countries in the region share common convergence patterns in CO 2 emission per capita and in its driving forces. Our results show that the region, as a whole, does not present a global convergence pattern regarding CO 2 emissions per capita, however, the evidence suggests the formation of various convergence clubs for each Kaya component and the existence of two groups of countries in which there is full Kaya convergence, i.e,. convergence in CO 2 emissions per capita, gross domestic product per capita, energy intensity and CO 2 intensity. The first group, k 1 , stands for countries with the best general economic performance, Chile and Uruguay. The second full Kaya convergence group, k 2 , includes the two largest economies of the region, Argentina and Brazil, and the country which has a value in the di↵erent Kaya components closer to the regional average, Ecuador. On the other hand, only Colombia seems to show that an improvement in both energy and carbon intensity leads to the stabilization or even to the reduction of CO 2 emissions.