The Measurement and Significance Of Changes In The Cholinesterase Activities Of Erythrocytes and Plasma In Man and Animals

Wills, John S.; DuBois, Kenneth P.

doi:10.3109/10408447209104304

Cited by 88 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 194 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, increased susceptibility to the toxicity of OP agents appears to be dependent on the quantitative and qualitative state of cholinesterase, as well as on factors that influence acetylcholinesterase values. Cholinesterase activity in red blood cells is low in the newborn and in patients with leukaemia and multiple myeloma, and is elevated whenever the proportion of reticulocytes and young erythrocytes in blood is increased, as in thalassaemia major and hereditary spherocytosis [119]. Plasma cholinesterase activity is depressed in liver disease (cirrhosis, chronic, toxic or viral hepatitis, malignant metastases), hepatic jaundice, obstructive jaundice, decompensated heart disease, allergic diseases, malignant neoplasms and pregnancy [119].…”

Section: Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cholinesterase activity in red blood cells is low in the newborn and in patients with leukaemia and multiple myeloma, and is elevated whenever the proportion of reticulocytes and young erythrocytes in blood is increased, as in thalassaemia major and hereditary spherocytosis [119]. Plasma cholinesterase activity is depressed in liver disease (cirrhosis, chronic, toxic or viral hepatitis, malignant metastases), hepatic jaundice, obstructive jaundice, decompensated heart disease, allergic diseases, malignant neoplasms and pregnancy [119]. Recent work has shown that protein and calorie malnutrition is associated with a reduction in cholinesterase, which might be a significant factor affecting the severity of OP poisoning in developing countries [120].…”

Section: Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Organophosphorus poisoning and anaesthesia

1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryOrganophosphorus compounds, used as insecticides and agents of chemical warfare, are a major global cause of health problems. These irreversible inhibitors of cholinesterase produce three wellrecognised clinical entities: the initial cholinergic phase, which is a medical emergency often requiring management in an intensive care unit; the intermediate syndrome, during which prolonged ventilatory care is necessary; and delayed polyneuropathy. In addition, disturbances of body temperature and endocrine function, electrolyte imbalances, immunological dysfunction and disorders of reproduction have been reported in animals and man. Vocal cord paralysis, pancreatitis, cardiac arrhythmias and a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders are known to follow acute and chronic exposure to organophosphorus compounds. As a result of the inhibition of plasma cholinesterase, there can be increased sensitivity to drugs hydrolysed by this enzyme, e.g. suxamethonium and mivacurium. The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase causes dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction which can produce altered responses to nondepolarising neuromuscular blockers. Anaesthetists may encounter patients exposed to organophosphorus compounds either following acute poisoning, trauma (warfare) or as patients with a wide range of nonspecific disorders presenting for surgery. The traditional use of oximes and atropine in treatment has failed to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with poisoning. The roles of agents that have reduced the toxicity of organophosphorus compounds in animal experiments are discussed as potential therapeutic agents. There is an urgent need for accurate information on the problems associated with exposure to organophosphorus compounds. This would best be achieved by collaborative research between technologically advanced countries and developing countries, where organophosphorus compounds are a leading cause of ill health.

show abstract

Section: Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Organophosphorus poisoning and anaesthesia

1999

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2,9 There are several methods for determining acetylcholinesterase activity based on the hydrolysis of acetylcholine or a synthetic ester. 10 Significant inhibition of cholinesterase activity was detected in retina, brain, and whole blood using a rapid spectrophotometric method. 4,5 Recovery of whole blood and brain cholinesterase activity following incubation at 37 C for 1 hour further supported a diagnosis of carbamate toxicosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aldicarb Toxicosis in a Flock of Sheep

et al. 1992

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Abstract. Aldicarb toxicosis was diagnosed in 200 sheep that died suddenly. Carbamate insecticide toxicosis Aldicarb toxicosis was diagnosed in 200 sheep that died suddenly. Carbamate insecticide toxicosis was suspected based on observed clinical signs (hypersalivation, diarrhea, urination, paddling, seizures, miosis, was suspected based on observed clinical signs (hypersalivation, diarrhea, urination, paddling, seizures, miosis, and deaths occurring within 1 hour). Tissue samples were submitted from 4 Columbian ewes for pathologic and deaths occurring within 1 hour). Tissue samples were submitted from 4 Columbian ewes for pathologic and analytical evaluation. Severe diffuse pulmonary edema was observed on gross and histologic examination. and analytical evaluation. Severe diffuse pulmonary edema was observed on gross and histologic examination. Inhibition of cholinesterase activity in retina (21.2-68.1% of normal activity, n = 3), brain (40.6-45.6% of normal activity, n = 3), and whole blood (27% of normal activity, n = 3), and whole blood (27% of normal activity, n = 1) supported a diagnosis of carbamate 1) supported a diagnosis of carbamate toxicosis. Reversal of brain and whole blood cholinesterase activities (reactivation factor > 1.4) following an toxicosis. Reversal of brain and whole blood cholinesterase activities (reactivation factor > 1.4) following an in vitro 1 hour incubation at 37 C was also consistent with carbamate poisoning. Aldicarb toxicosis was confirmed following its detection in rumen contents at 1.5, 5.5, and 334 ppm using both high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection and gas chromatography with nitrogen/phosphorus detection. raphy with UV detection and gas chromatography with nitrogen/phosphorus detection.Aldicarb (2-methyl-2[methylthio]propionaldehyde O-[methylcarbamoyl]-oxime) (Temik®) is a highly toxic carbamate insecticide. Carbamate insecticides are potent reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase activity. A toxic dose of aldicarb produces severe cholinergic signs including salivation, urination, defecation, ataxia, dyspnea, seizures, and death. The onset of clinical signs is rapid, and the severity is dependent on the dose, route of exposure, and species involved.

show abstract

“…The temperature change of 1°C results in 5.5% and 3% changes in the cholinesterase activities within plasma and red blood cells, respectively [28]. Since the basic Michael method is mainly used to measure the cholinesterase activity in humans, this method has been modified and applied in different animals [29,30]. The cholinesterase activities in blood plasma and red blood cells vary among animals.…”

Section: Insights In Enzyme Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Measurements Of The Cholinesterase Activity Of Brain And Plasma In Rabbits By Using Modified Michel And Ellman Assays

Khalil¹,

Abass²

2017

Insights Enzyme Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study deals with the measurement of acetylcholinesterase activities in the plasma and brain of 8 rabbits using modified Michael and Ellman methods. The highest values of acetylcholinesterase activities in plasma and brain were 0.37 and 0.25, respectively, when the modified Michel method was employed. In the case of using Ellman method, the highest values of cholinesterase activities in plasma and brain were 0.89 and 0.43, respectively. In order to determine the efficiency and legitimacy of the measured result, the coefficient of variation was calculated. For the modified Michael method, the coefficients of variation in plasma and brain were 17.78 % and 19.37%, respectively. However, in the case of using Ellman method, the coefficients of variation in plasma and brain were 21.72% and 41.21%, respectively. These results were consistent with those reported in the previous studies.

show abstract

The Measurement and Significance Of Changes In The Cholinesterase Activities Of Erythrocytes and Plasma In Man and Animals

Cited by 88 publications

References 194 publications

Organophosphorus poisoning and anaesthesia

Organophosphorus poisoning and anaesthesia

Aldicarb Toxicosis in a Flock of Sheep

The Measurements Of The Cholinesterase Activity Of Brain And Plasma In Rabbits By Using Modified Michel And Ellman Assays

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About