The levels of trace elements and selected vitamins in goats with chronic fluorosis

Abstract

In this investigation, the effect of steaming on the water vapor diffusion coefficient of poplar wood (Populus nigra L.) was studied. Boards with dimensions of 50 × 50 × 150 (W × H × L) mm 3 and average moisture content of 12% were steamed at temperatures of 120, 140, 160, and 180 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h. The diffusion coefficients were then measured based on Fick's law of diffusion in steadystate conditions using the cup method. Results showed that the steaming of poplar wood at all mentioned temperatures can decrease the water vapor diffusion coefficient. However, no further improving effect was caused by increasing the steam temperature or duration. Some significant wood anatomical and chemical changes like cell wall collapse and holocellulose hydrolysis give some explanations for the improving effect of steaming on the diffusion coefficient. Overall, steaming at temperature of 120 °C for 1 h as the best treatment is recommended to modify the water vapor diffusion coefficient.

Comparative Study of Concentration of Some Minerals in Milk and Blood Plasma of Sheep and Goats Native and Foreign During Post-Partum Period under Climatic Conditions of Upper Egypt

“…Concentrations of zinc in blood plasma of Boer goats were higher compared with Baladi goats (P <0.05) Figure (8). The present means are in agreement with that reported by Altug et al (2013) and Hajer et al (2014) found that concentration of zinc in serum and plasma was 0.57 and 1.2 mg/l respectively. On contrast, higher concentration of zinc was reported by Donia et al (2014) and Nawito et al (2015) (4.01 -5.9 mg/l) in ewes.…”

“…From figure (2) concentrations of sodium in blood plasma of Boer goats was higher compared with Baladi goats (P <0.05). The obtained means of Boer goats were agreement with that reported by Altug et al (2013) and Hafid et al (2013) (3266.0 -3268.3 mg/l), but the means of Baladi goats were lower might be due to breed difference, feed and pasture. Sodium concentrations in blood plasma was higher (P <0.05) in winter season than summer season, similar trend, reported by Khan et al (2003) and Sowande et al (2008) who found that sodium concentrations in blood plasma was higher during the winter season than summer season in sheep.…”

“…Concentrations of potassium of Boer goats was higher compared with Baladi goats (P <0.05) Figure (4) . The means of potassium of two breed were agreement with that reported by Al-Sobiyl (2010) and Altug et al (2013) (138.9 -206.7 mg/l) in sheep. On contrary, higher concentrations were reported by Hafid et al (2013) 250.8 mg/l in ewes.…”

“…Concentrations of copper in blood plasma of ewes of Boer goats were higher compared with Baladi goats (P <0.05) Figure (6). The means of copper were closed to that reported by Altug et al (2013), Yatoo et al (2013) and Hajer et al (2014) (0.55 -0.88 mg/l) in sheep, while the means were higher than that reported by Al-Sobaiyl (2010) and Nawito et al (2015) 0.15 and 0.4 mg/l respectively. Copper concentrations were higher (P <0.05) in winter season compared with summer season in the two breeds of goats.…”

Fluoride Exposure Induces Inhibition of Sodium-and Potassium-Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase) Enzyme Activity: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Public Health

“…Consistent with these hypothesis, human studies have shown that F − significantly reduced serum magnesium along with other trace metals including manganese, copper and zinc [285,286,287]. In agreement, animal studies have also found that F − exposure results in decreased serum magnesium [288,289,290,291,292]. Thus, the above data suggests that F − can inhibit NKA activity by lowering serum magnesium thereby impairing ATP binding to NKA.…”