In this investigation, the effect of steaming on the water vapor diffusion coefficient of poplar wood (Populus nigra L.) was studied. Boards with dimensions of 50 × 50 × 150 (W × H × L) mm 3 and average moisture content of 12% were steamed at temperatures of 120, 140, 160, and 180 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h. The diffusion coefficients were then measured based on Fick's law of diffusion in steadystate conditions using the cup method. Results showed that the steaming of poplar wood at all mentioned temperatures can decrease the water vapor diffusion coefficient. However, no further improving effect was caused by increasing the steam temperature or duration. Some significant wood anatomical and chemical changes like cell wall collapse and holocellulose hydrolysis give some explanations for the improving effect of steaming on the diffusion coefficient. Overall, steaming at temperature of 120 °C for 1 h as the best treatment is recommended to modify the water vapor diffusion coefficient.

No abstract

This study included four calves exhibiting clinical signs of tetanus including stiffness in the body (neck, legs), steepening of ears and tails, inappetence or anorexia, and

This study was carried out to reveal the importance of procalcitonin, C reactive protein, nitric oxide levels, and adenosine deaminase activity in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease in naturally infected sheep with Babesia ovis. Thirty sheep diagnosed clinically and parasitologically as having Babesia ovis were allocated to 2 groups. The first group was treated only with imidocarp dipropionate and the second group with imidocarp dipropionate and flunixine meglumin. On the seventh day after treatment, blood samples were collected again from the sheep in the babesiosis-infected group and the treatment responses were assessed. Serum PCT (1.72 ± 0.34 ng/mL, P < 0.01), CRP (101.42 ± 11.73 µg/mL, P < 0.001), NO (15.77 ± 2.75 µmol/L, P < 0.01), and ADA (13.92 ± 0.88 IU/L, P < 0.01) were higher in sheep with babesiosis than in the healthy sheep (0.49 ± 0.04 ng/mL, 49.46 ± 4.57 µg/mL, 8.15 ± 0.63 µmol/L, 9.34 ± 1.19 IU/L, respectively). When PCT, CRP, NO, and ADA before treatment and after treatment in the infected sheep were compared, the levels of these parameters except for ADA in the second group were determined to have statistically decreased after the treatment. As a result, it has been concluded that the measurements of PCT, CRP, NO, and ADA in sheep with babesiosis may be useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease when assessed in association with clinical examination.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of twinship on the mineral matter, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and lamb birth weight in late pregnant ewes and their lambs. The material of the study consisted of the 18 Kıvırcık breed ewes, which were 130-150 days pregnant, and their 27 newborn lambs. The ewes included in the study were divided into two groups by ultrasound as those carrying a single pregnancy (n=9) and a twin pregnancy (n=9). Body Condition Scores (BCS) were determined and then their blood samples were taken. The lambs born from these ewes were weighed with precision scales as soon as they were born, and blood samples were taken 24 hours after birth. Mineral substance determination from blood samples was made by ICP-OES, and IgG determination was made by ELISA. It was found that serum IgG and mineral matter levels were not affected by twinship in ewes (p>0.05). Calcium (Ca) level was significantly higher in twin lambs compared to single lambs (p<0.05). There was no statistical difference between single and twin lambs in terms of other minerals and IgG concentrations (P>0.05). Total protein and globulin values were significantly higher in single lambs than twin lambs (P <0.05). It was determined that single-born lambs were significantly heavier than twins (P<0.05), and while male lambs were heavier than females, the difference between them was not statistically significant (P>0.05). As a result, it was determined that twinship and BCS did not affect the mineral substance, total protein, albumin, globulin and IgG levels in late pregnant ewes, while twinship in lambs affected lamb birth weight, total protein, globulin and Ca values, but not other mineral and IgG levels. Significantly low total protein and globulin concentrations in twin lambs suggest that these animals cannot absorb enough colostrum.