The involvement of multiple thrombogenic and atherogenic markers in premature coronary artery disease

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To examine the association of atherogenic and thrombogenic markers and lymphotoxin-alfa gene mutations with the risk of premature coronary disease.METHODS:This cross-sectional, case-control, age-adjusted study was conducted in 336 patients with premature coronary disease (<50 years old) and 189 healthy controls. The control subjects had normal clinical, resting, and exercise stress electrocardiographic assessments. The coronary disease group patients had either angiographically documented disease (>50% luminal reduction) or a previous myocardial infarction. The laboratory data evaluated included thrombogenic factors (fibrinogen, protein C, protein S, and antithrombin III), atherogenic factors (glucose and lipid profiles, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoproteins AI and B), and lymphotoxin-alfa mutations. Genetic variability of lymphotoxin-alfa was determined by polymerase chain reaction analysis.RESULTS:Coronary disease patients exhibited lower concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and higher levels of glucose, lipoprotein(a), and protein S. The frequencies of AA, AG, and GG lymphotoxin-alfa mutation genotypes were 55.0%, 37.6%, and 7.4% for controls and 42.7%, 46.0%, and 11.3% for coronary disease patients (p = 0.02), respectively. Smoking, dyslipidemia, family history, and lipoprotein(a) and lymphotoxin-alfa mutations in men were independent variables associated with coronary disease. The area under the curve (C-statistic) increased from 0.779 to 0.802 (p<0.05) with the inclusion of lipoprotein(a) and lymphotoxin-alfa mutations in the set of conventional risk factors.CONCLUSIONS:The inclusion of lipoprotein(a) and lymphotoxin-alfa mutations in the set of conventional risk factors showed an additive but small increase in the risk prediction of premature coronary disease.

Manoeuvring the physicochemical and nutritional properties of vegetable oils through blending

“…The nutritional value and disease preventive potential of a vegetable oil is evaluated based on three factors: atherogenic index (AI), thrombogenic index (TI), hypocholesterolemic: hypercholesterolemic ratio (HH), polyunsaturated fatty acids: saturated fatty acids ratio (PUFA:SFA) and the ω6:ω3 ratio. All these factors are influenced by the composition of FAs in the oils (Hashempour‐Baltork et al, 2018; Mansur et al, 2013).…”

Lipoprotein(a) is associated with premature coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis

“…The electronic database search identified 348 studies. After the screening, a total of 11 studies [6,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] met the inclusion criteria. Individual study characteristics are presented in Table 1.…”

“…[28] and Mansur et al . [25] after introducing lipoprotein(a) as a dichotomous variable (lipoprotein(a) >20 mg/dl or >30 mg/dl) and adjusting for lipid profile and/ or cardiovascular risk factors, found that elevated lipoprotein(a) levels are associated with increased odds of pCAD development. Rallidis et al .…”

“…As previously stated, selection bias might have led to this assumption. On the contrary, Gambhir et al, 30] Sadeghian et al [28] and Mansur et al [25] after introducing lipoprotein(a) as a dichotomous variable (lipoprotein(a) >20 mg/dl or >30 mg/dl) and adjusting for lipid profile and/ or cardiovascular risk factors, found that elevated lipoprotein(a) levels are associated with increased odds of pCAD development. Rallidis et al [6] have also suggested that for every 10 mg/dl increase in lipoprotein(a) levels the odds of developing ACS are increased by 2% in young individuals <45 years.…”

The association between apolipoprotein A‐1 plasma level and premature coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…This process presented 117 potential eligible articles. Then, the final screening process was performed using the inclusion/exclusion criteria (the Outcome and Comparison) which included 17 articles into the present systematic review and meta-analysis [17][18][19][20][21][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] (Figure 1). The full-text of one article was not found after two reminders to the authors and the publishing journal.…”