The Infection Rates of Trypanosomes in Squirrel Monkeys at Two Sites in the Brazilian Amazon

Ziccardi, Mariangela; Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira, Ricardo

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761997000400003

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…5b,c; Zeledon 1956, Hoare 1972, CubaCuba 1973, Steindel et al 1991. Trypanosomes confirmed as T. rangeli were transmitted to mice by the bites of the great majority of triatomines that we fed on a T. saimirii-like infected monkey (Ziccardi & Lourenço-de-Oliveira 1997). Indeed, the multiplying forms of T. saimirii in both the triatomine bugs and axenic culture illustrated and/or described by Rodhain (1937a), Deane and Damasceno (1961) and Lourenço-de-Oliveira (1988) resemble to those P. megistus was the only triatomine species used by Rodhain (1937b) in his experimental infections with T. saimirii.…”

Section: T Rangeli (R1625)mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The parasites analyzed were found in isolates as well in blood smears from 165 squirrel monkeys during the trypanosome survey conducted by Ziccardi and Lourenço-de-Oliveira (1997). Details about the collection sites as well as procedures for haemoculture and xenodiagnosis are available in Ziccardi and Lourenço-de-Oliveira (1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details about the collection sites as well as procedures for haemoculture and xenodiagnosis are available in Ziccardi and Lourenço-de-Oliveira (1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A light microscope was used to observe trypomastigotes in Giemsa-stained thin blood smears from two squirrel monkey species, Saimiri sciureus and Saimiri ustus, from the Amazon (Ziccardi & Lourenço-de-Oliveira 1997), and from marmosets, Callithrix penicillata (Geoffroy), from Felixlândia, State of Minas Gerais. T. (Tejeraia) rangeli Tejera trypomastigotes were analyzed morphometrically in thin blood smears of naturally infected squirrel monkeys as well as from a marmoset and from mice experimentally infected with isolates of this parasite from squirrel monkeys from Balbina and Samuel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, most of xenodiagnosis and haemoculture of squirrel monkeys infected with T. minasense was positive, and the respective developing forms were actually found to belong to T. rangeli (Ziccardi & Lourenço-de-Oliveira 1997). However, T. minasense does not develop in triatomine bugs and its developing forms in cul- Short trypomastigotes 9 11-20 2 1-2 3-9 5-11 1.9-4 (16.4) (1.4) (5.6) (9) (2.8) L: total length (flagellum included); PK: distance from posterior end of the body to kinetoplast; KN: distance from kinetoplast to anterior margin of nucleus; NA: distance from nucleus to anterior end of body; F: free flagellum; B: body width (at nucleus level).…”

Section: Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Features of Trypanosomes from Squirrel Monkeys from the Brazilian Amazon

Ziccardi

Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira²

1998

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Section: T Rangeli (R1625)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details about the collection sites as well as procedures for haemoculture and xenodiagnosis are available in Ziccardi and Lourenço-de-Oliveira (1997).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Features of Trypanosomes from Squirrel Monkeys from the Brazilian Amazon

Ziccardi

Lourenço‐de‐Oliveira²

1998

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Health evaluation of translocated free‐ranging primates in French Guiana

Thoisy

Vogel²,

Reynes

et al. 2001

American J Primatol

145

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Among over 40 mammal species threatened by the filling of a hydroelectric dam reservoir in French Guiana, three species of primates have been translocated, comprising 124 red howler monkeys, six white-faced sakis, and 95 golden-handed tamarins. Health status of the animals was evaluated by direct physical examination and by hematological, biochemical, virological, and parasitological surveys of collected blood. The physical condition of the howlers was slightly worse toward the end of the capture period, but that of sakis and tamarins remained satisfactory. Several ectoparasites (ticks, larvae of dipterous insects, fleas, and lice) were collected, and various wounds, apparently nondebilitating, were recorded in howlers. Hematological and biochemical profiles determined for the three species revealed a slight anemia in howlers. Entamoeba, Strongyloides, and Trypanoxyurus were common in fecal samples of howlers. A survey of blood smears from the three species revealed infection by several types of microfilaria, Trypanosoma rangeli-like and Plasmodium brasilianum in all three, and Trypanosoma cruzi-like in howlers. These infections had no significant impact on the health status or the hematological profiles. Serologic investigations revealed occasional reactions against Toxoplasma gondii, a strong anti-Plasmodium response in the two Cebidae species, and a weaker one in tamarins. Attempts to isolate arbovirus failed, but antibody responses to Mayaro and yellow fever viruses were strong, especially in the howlers. A strong correlation between age and serological status led to a better understanding of the epidemic cycles. Our survey indicates French Guianan primates are reservoirs for several anthropozoonoses, including malaria, Chagas disease, and arboviruses.

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Seroprevalence ofTrypanosoma cruziandLeishmania mexicanain Free‐Ranging Howler Monkeys in SoutheasternMexico

Rovirosa-Hernández

Cortés‐Ortiz

García-Orduña

et al. 2012

American J Primatol

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Natural infection of wild mammals by protozoa parasites is quite common in nature. For Neotropical Primates different infections of parasites that are etiological agent of disease in human have been identified. In particular, infections by Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania sp., have been reported for some New World primate species, but there are no reports of infection with these parasites in any primate species in Mexico. A serological study was conducted on two howler monkey species (Alouatta pigra and A. palliata) from the Mexican states of Campeche and Tabasco. A total of 55 serum samples (20 samples from A. pigra, 20 samples from A. palliata, and 15 samples from semifree ranging A. palliata of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz as negative controls) were analyzed for the detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies against T. cruzi and Leishmania mexicana through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test, indirect immunofluorescence assay and Western blot. The overall prevalence of antibodies in howler monkeys was 17.5% for T. cruzi and 30% for L. mexicana. Our results also indicate that A. pigra is more susceptible to develop leishmaniasis than A. palliata. Finally, the finding of positive serology in these primates should be given serious consideration for public health, given the potential role of these primate species as wild reservoirs for these diseases and the increasing contact of monkeys with human populations due to habitat loss and fragmentation.

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The Infection Rates of Trypanosomes in Squirrel Monkeys at Two Sites in the Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

Morphological Features of Trypanosomes from Squirrel Monkeys from the Brazilian Amazon

Morphological Features of Trypanosomes from Squirrel Monkeys from the Brazilian Amazon

Health evaluation of translocated free‐ranging primates in French Guiana

Seroprevalence ofTrypanosoma cruziandLeishmania mexicanain Free‐Ranging Howler Monkeys in SoutheasternMexico

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