The impact of control variables on entrepreneurial intentions among employed persons

Abstract

The paper presents the results of the study of individual entrepreneurial orientation dimensions, the achievement dimension and the theory of planned behavior dimensions, depending on seven variables: the respondents' gender, their age, the educational level of the respondents, the ownership structure of the enterprises, the respondents' previous experience in entrepreneurship, their perceived job performance, and their perceived finances. The specificity of the research is that the respondents are employed persons. The sample included 540 respondents from 72 organizations in Serbia. Data analysis was performed via a t-test. A statistically significant difference in the influence of the observed variables exists in most cases, except for the variable-the respondents' level of education. Thus, four of the seven hypotheses were fully confirmed, two were partially confirmed, while one hypothesis was rejected. The profile of an employed person who, potentially, has the greatest chances of becoming an entrepreneur is the following: a younger man with a high school diploma (a degree does not have such a significant impact), who is employed in a private company, has previous entrepreneurial experience, is successful at work and has adequate finances.

Effects of gender, age, and education on entrepreneurial orientation and intentions among freelancers

“…there are no statistically significant differences in the average scores of the observed dimensions for high school and university-educated freelancers. The same result, for the same dimensions, was obtained in the research (Mali et al, 2021). for high school and university-educated persons.…”

“…According to Table 5. the most differences in the average scores of the observed dimensions occur between freelancers who have previous experience in entrepreneurship and freelancers who do not A similar result exists in the reference (Mali et al, 2021). for employed persons.…”

“…these results show similarities in terms of greater risk readiness for males (Wagner & Sternberg, 2004). Also, in the dimension of PBC -Perceived behavioral control, male students have higher values for this dimension (Rajković et al, 2021), as well as among employees (Mali et al, 2021). The biggest difference exists in the dimension EI -Entrepreneurial intention: male students have higher values for this dimension (Rajković et al, 2021).…”

“…but the difference is statistically significant only at IN -Innovativeness. In the research (Mali et al, 2021). differences between the same dimensions for younger and older employees were observed, and many more statistically significant differences were discovered in almost all dimensions.…”

“…The biggest difference exists in the dimension EI -Entrepreneurial intention: male students have higher values for this dimension (Rajković et al, 2021). as well as among employees (Mali et al, 2021). Thus.…”