“…In addition to cognitive deliberation, emotional responses operating at both conscious and non-conscious levels may be powerful attitude defense mechanisms (Epstein, 1994;Epstein et al, 1992;Kunda, 1990). More generally, much research in advertising (Batra & Ray, 1986;Burke & Edell, 1989;Derbaix, 1995;Derbaix & Bree, 1997;Edell & Burke, 1987) has shown the unique contribution of ad-induced feelings in influencing attitudes. In fact, Wu and Shaffer (1987) found that under certain conditions, emotional rather than cognitive responses drove message recipients' attitudes.…”