The impact of chemical composition of oxygenated fuels on morphology and nanostructure of soot particles

Verma, Puneet; Jafari, Mohammad; Rahman, Sabrina; Pickering, Edmund; Stevanović, Svetlana; Dowell, Ashley; Brown, Richard J.; Ristovski, Zoran

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116167

Cited by 50 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…An increase It can be observed from Figure 7, a high percentage of biodiesel present in a biodiesel-diesel blend decreases the emission of particulate matter, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons. An increase in NO x emissions can be observed when a higher biodiesel blend is used [48]. Figure 8 in NOx emissions can be observed when a higher biodiesel blend is used [48].…”

Section: Greenhouse Gases Emission For Biodiesel Blendsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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The Challenges of a Biodiesel Implementation Program in Malaysia

et al. 2020

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The palm biodiesel industry is facing many challenges implementing biodiesel program in Malaysia. This paper addresses the importance of the B10 blend (10% biodiesel, 90% petroleum diesel), global challenges of palm oil import and export, and protective measures for continuous positive growth of the palm oil sector. Palm oil is the backbone of Malaysia’s economy, covering more than 5% of its gross domestic product (GDP). The key steps taken by the Malaysian government for the successful implementation of the B10 program are discussed in this review study. Till now, B5 and B7 biodiesel programs have been successfully implemented in Malaysia. The B10 biodiesel program is attractive because of the developed local palm oil sector. The B10 biodiesel program will increase the use of renewable energy sources, and is expected to increase the productivity of palm oil and biodiesel implementation in the country. Despite successful B5 and B7 programs, Malaysia is facing challenges for the implementation of biodiesel due to fluctuation in crude palm oil prices, low domestic usage of palm oil, and vehicle warranty. The improvement of palm oil and promotion of B10 through targeted agencies in the central region of Malaysia will help to implement the biodiesel program successfully.

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Section: Greenhouse Gases Emission For Biodiesel Blendsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…An increase in NO x emissions can be observed when a higher biodiesel blend is used [48]. Figure 8 in NOx emissions can be observed when a higher biodiesel blend is used [48]. Figure 8 below shows the emission of CO2 for different biodiesel blends with different engine loads.…”

Section: Greenhouse Gases Emission For Biodiesel Blendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenges of a Biodiesel Implementation Program in Malaysia

et al. 2020

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“…Evaporation rates and in-cylinder turbulence seem to have a bigger impact for fuels with lower volatility, such as the alcohols, rather than the time available for evaporation and mixing. Furthermore, the oxygenated fuels form hydrocarbon structures that are more reactive than the ones formed from gasoline, which leads to increased oxidation reactivity [45][46][47].…”

Section: Unburned Hydrocarbon Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high levels of embedded oxygen in oxygenated biofuels, compared to gasoline, leads to a dilution effect at the flame front. The dilution effect decreases soot formation and increases oxidation rates [45][46][47]. However, oxygenated fuels also exhibit properties that could lead to increased levels of particle emissions, such as decreased volatility, increased HOV and increased viscosity [48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Pure Oxygenated Biofuels on Efficiency and Emissions in a Gasoline Optimised DISI Engine

et al. 2021

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The negative impact of transport on climate has led to incentives to increase the amount of renewable fuels used in internal combustion engines (ICEs). Oxygenated, liquid biofuels are promising alternatives, as they exhibit similar combustion behaviour to gasoline. In this article, the effect of the different biofuels on engine efficiency, combustion propagation and emissions of a gasoline-optimised direct injected spark ignited (DISI) engine were evaluated through engine experiments. The experiments were performed without any engine hardware modifications. The investigated fuels are gasoline, four alcohols (methanol, ethanol, n-butanol and iso-butanol) and one ether (MTBE). All fuels were tested at two speed sweeps at low and mid load conditions, and a spark timing sweep at low load conditions. The oxygenated biofuels exhibit increased efficiencies, even at non-knock-limited conditions. At lower loads, the oxygenated fuels decrease CO, HC and NOx emissions. However, at mid load conditions, decreased volatility of the alcohols leads to increased emissions due to fuel impingement effects. Methanol exhibited the highest efficiencies and significantly increased burn rates compared to the other fuels. Gasoline exhibited the lowest level of PN and PM emissions. N-butanol and iso-butanol show significantly increased levels of particle emissions compared to the other fuels.

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“…Oxygenated fuel is a kind of fuel with oxygen atom in the molecular structure, which has been proved to be beneficial to engine emissions, especially unburned HC and particulate matters [4,5]. Some oxygenated fuels, such as methanol and ethanol, have been commercialized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and kinetic study on the laminar burning speed, Markstein length and cellular instability of oxygenated fuels

Qiao

Sun

Lin

et al. 2021

Fuel

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The laminar burning speed, Markstein length and cellular instability of three oxygenated fuels, polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether 3 (PODE3), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and n-butanol (NB), were experimentally studied using spherical flame propagation method. Both of the three fuels are potential alternatives for petrochemical gasoline and diesel. Laminar burning speeds and Markstein lengths were measured at ambient pressure and elevated temperature (363 K-423 K) with three extrapolation models including linear and non-linear employed to extract the unstretched flame speed. Onset of flame cellular instability of the three fuels was determined at high pressure (0.5-0.75 MPa) which was favored to the occurrence of cellular instability. Three well-validated mechanisms for PODE3, DMC and NB respectively were used to numerically analyze the flame structure and then understand the underlying effect of the molecular structure of oxygenated fuels on laminar flame propagation. Results show that PODE3 has the highest laminar burning speed among the three, supporting by both thermal effect and kinetic effect. While the laminar burning speed of NB is higher than that of DMC, which is due to the combined effect of thermal factor and kinetic factor. The molecular structure of oxygenated fuels exerts an influence on the laminar flame propagation through the fuel-specific cracking pathway and resulting formed intermediates with different reactivity. The absence of C-C bond within PODE3 and DMC leads to the formation of substantial oxy-intermediates (CH2O) with high reactivity during fuel decomposition. PODE3 has the most stable flame among the three because of the strong stretching of PODE3 flame. The flame stability of DMC and NB is approximately similar especially at high initial pressure.

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The impact of chemical composition of oxygenated fuels on morphology and nanostructure of soot particles

Cited by 50 publications

References 93 publications

The Challenges of a Biodiesel Implementation Program in Malaysia

The Challenges of a Biodiesel Implementation Program in Malaysia

The Effect of Pure Oxygenated Biofuels on Efficiency and Emissions in a Gasoline Optimised DISI Engine

Experimental and kinetic study on the laminar burning speed, Markstein length and cellular instability of oxygenated fuels

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