The History of Dengue Outbreaks in the Americas

Dick, Olivia Brathwaite; Martín, José Carlos; Montoya, Romeo; Diego, Jorge del; Zambrano, Betzana; Dayan, Gustavo H.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0770

Cited by 363 publications

(295 citation statements)

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“…aegypti reinfestation (1971-99) was caused by the failure of eradication programmes leading to increased dispersal of the mosquito and DENV circulation and a corresponding clear increase in the number of outbreaks over the 2000-10 period. During 2010, more than 1.7 million dengue cases were reported, with 50 235 severe cases and 1 185 deaths (Brathwaite et al, 2012). The epidemic seemed to continue extending globally in the following years; in 2015, the total number of suspected or laboratoryconfirmed dengue cases notified to WHO for the Americas, South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions, exceeded three million (Figure A B.1).…”

Section: Dengue Virus Serotypes Health Effects and Epidemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laboratory studies often reveal thrombocytopenia, a prolonged bleeding time, an elevated prothrombin time, a raised haematocrit, hyperproteinemia and a positive tourniquet test. The liver is often enlarged, soft, and tender (Brathwaite et al, 2012). Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain why DENV now causes devastating epidemics, although it previously caused relatively mild illness.…”

Section: Virus Infection Vectored By Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The illness generally lasts for about ten days, after which recovery is usually complete, although convalescence may be prolonged. Laboratory findings reveal leukopenia, a mild thrombocytopenia, and slight lymphocytosis (Brathwaite et al, 2012).…”

Section: Virus Infection Vectored By Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2018

Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 8

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This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of OECD member countries.This document, as well as any data and any map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.Please cite this publication as: OECD (2018) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.Photo credits: Cover © Maks Ershov.Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htm. © OECD 2018You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of the source and copyright owner(s) is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to rights@oecd.org. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at info@copyright.com or the Centre francais d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at contact@cfcopies.com. FOREWORD │ 3SAFETY ASSESSMENTOF TRANSGENIC ORGANISMSIN THE ENVIRONMENT, VOLUME 8 © OECD 2018 ForewordModern biotechnologies are applied to plants species (crops, flowers, trees), animals and micro-organisms. The safety of the resulting transgenic organisms when released in the environment for their use in agriculture, forestry, the food and feed industry or for other applications represents a challenging issue. Genetically engineered products are rigorously assessed by their developers during their elaboration, and by governments when ready for release, to ensure high safety standards. This remains essential with new biotechnology developments using insects to fight against disease outbreaks: engineered mosquitoes need to be evaluated through a scientifically sound approach to risk/safety assessment that will inform biosafety regulators and support the decision concerning the release of these novel organisms in the environment.The OECD offers a long-standing recognised expertise in biosafety and contributes to facilitating an harmonised approach. The OECD's Working Group on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology (WG-HROB) was established in 1995. The WG-HROB gathers national authorities responsible for the environmental risk/safety assessment of products of modern biotechnology in OECD countries and other economies. International organisations and experts involved in biosafety activities are a...

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Section: Dengue Virus Serotypes Health Effects and Epidemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virus Infection Vectored By Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2018

Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms in the Environment, Volume 8

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“…En América, desde el año 2010, se ha dado un incremento de 4.6 veces en el número de casos de dengue (2). Para Colombia, hasta la semana epidemiológica 17 de 2015, se notificaron 35 796 casos de esta enfermedad, de los cuales 35 318 (98.7%) corresponden a dengue y 478 (1.3%) a DG.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Análisis descriptivo del compromiso de órganos en niños con dengue grave en Neiva, Colombia

et al. 2017

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Análisis descriptivo del compromiso de órganos en niños con dengue grave en Neiva, Colombia Objective: To describe the affectation caused by dengue in organs such as the myocardium, the liver and the central nervous system (CNS) in children from Neiva, Colombia. Results: Out of 930 children, 105 were classified as severe dengue (SD) and, of these, 19 had affected organs. The myocardium was the most compromised organ (14 cases), followed by the liver (4 cases) and the CNS (1 case). Materials and methods: Conclusion:Clinical involvement of the myocardium, liver or CNS was observed in 18% of the cases of children with SD. A timely diagnosis and treatment of this pathology in children is necessary.

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“…It was Cuban Dr. Carlos Juan Finlay, working with Dr. Walter Reed, who identified the Ae. Aegypti as the culprit of the yellow fever outbreaks in Haiti and Panama in the 19 th century 10b , The rapid spread of several viri to most of the American continent began around the year 2000 10c . Now a days dengue fever is active in more than 128 countries 11 , chikungunya virus in 40 countries 12 , and the Zika virus in currently 26 countries and rising 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary results on the control of Aedes spp. in a remote Guatemalan community vulnerable to dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus: community participation and use of low-cost ecological ovillantas for mosquito control

Ulibarri

Betanzos

et al. 2016

F1000Res

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Objective: To study the effectiveness of an integrated intervention of health worker training, a low-cost ecological mosquito ovitrap, and community engagement on Aedes spp. mosquito control over 10 months in 2015 in an urban remote community in Guatemala at risk of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus transmission. Methods: We implemented a three-component integrated intervention consisting of: web-based training of local health personnel in vector control, cluster-randomized assignment of an ecological modified ovitrap (ovillantas: ovi=egg, llanta=tire) or standard ovitraps to capture Aedes spp. mosquito eggs (no efforts have been taken to determine the exact Aedes species at this moment), and community engagement to promote participation of community members and health personnel in the understanding and maintenance of ovitraps for mosquito control. The intervention was implemented in local collaboration with Guatemala’s Ministry of Health’s Vector Control Programme, and in international collaboration with the National Institute of Public Health in Mexico. Findings: Eighty percent of the 25 local health personnel enrolled in the training programme received accreditation of their improved knowledge of vector control. When ovillantas were used in a cluster of ovitraps (several in proximity), significantly more eggs were trapped by ecological ovillantas than standard ovitraps over the 10 month (42 week) study period (t=5.2577; p<0.05). Repetitive filtering and recycling of the attractant solution (or water) kept the ovillanta clean, free from algae growth. Among both community members and health workers, the levels of knowledge, interest, and participation in community mosquito control and trapping increased. Recommendations for enhancing and sustaining community mosquito control were identified. Conclusion: Our three-component integrated intervention proved beneficial to this remote community at risk of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. The combination of training of health workers, cluster use of low-cost ecological ovillanta to destroy the second generation of mosquitoes, and community engagement ensured the project met local needs and fostered collaboration and participation of the community, which can help improve sustainability. The ovillanta intervention and methodology may be modified to target other species such as Culex, should it be established that such mosquitoes carry Zika virus in addition to Aedes.

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The History of Dengue Outbreaks in the Americas

Cited by 363 publications

References 54 publications

Abbreviations and acronyms

Abbreviations and acronyms

Análisis descriptivo del compromiso de órganos en niños con dengue grave en Neiva, Colombia

Preliminary results on the control of Aedes spp. in a remote Guatemalan community vulnerable to dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus: community participation and use of low-cost ecological ovillantas for mosquito control

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