The Griess Test: An Inexpensive Screening Test for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy

Mathews, Jiji Elizabeth; George, Santosh; Mathews, Prasad; Mathai, E; Brahmadathan, K. N.; Seshadri, Lakshmi

doi:10.1111/j.1479-828x.1998.tb03098.x

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…But it is a very cumbersome procedure. Moreover, it requires trained personnel to screen and the results are also subjected to an observer variation [16]. Our study yielded a low sensitivity but a high specificity and a high NPV.…”

Section: The Performance Characteristics Of the Screening Tests For Utimentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Another study which was done by Jailaxmi et al, also reported a low sensitivity and a low NPV. Whether the low sensitivity for pyuria is suggestive of the bladder colonization or an actual infection, is rather controversial [16]. In our study, the prevalence of the 4.1% sterile pyuria may be attributed to the infections which were caused by organisms like Chlamydiae , which failed to grow in the media which were used for their isolation [18].…”

Section: The Performance Characteristics Of the Screening Tests For Utimentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Can the Griess Nitrite Test and a Urinary Pus Cell Count of ≥5 Cells Per Micro Litre of Urine in Pregnant Women be Used for the Screening or the Early Detection of Urinary Tract Infections in Rural India?

Thakre¹

2012

JCDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common problem in pregnancy due to the morphological and the physiological changes that take place in the genitourinary tract during pregnancy. Screening methods may be useful, because a full bacteriological analysis could be reserved for those patients who are symptomatic or those who have positive screening test results. The exact prevalence of UTI in rural, pregnant women is unknown. The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of UTI in pregnant women and for ascertaining the utility of the Griess Nitrite test and the Urinary Pus Cell Count of ≥5 cells per micro litre test for the screening or the early detection of UTI in them at primary health care clinics. Occurrence of urinary complaints was compared in UTI and non UTI women. Method:We conducted a study on 300 randomly selected, pregnant women from rural areas. Urine cultures, pus-cell counts and the Griess nitrite test were used for diagnosis of UTI. The screening tests for UTI were evaluated in terms of their sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and the percentage of correctly classified. Results:In the present study, the prevalence of UTI was found to be 29/300 (9.6%, 95% confidence interval 9.57-9.63). The specificities of the two screening tests were comparable (97.05% and 94.47%). Also, the negative predictive values of the two tests were almost similar (97.77% and 96.96%). The percentage of correctly classified by the Griess nitrite test and the urine pus cell count were found to be 95.33% and 92.33% respectively. The proportion of the women with various urinary complaints was significantly higher (P<0.00) in the UTI subjects as compared to that in the non-UTI subjects. Conclusion:Urine culture remains the gold standard for the detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria. The Nitrite test of uncentrifuged urine was observed to be the best among the screening tests which were evaluated in terms of their efficiency and validity. InTROduCTIOnUrinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common problem in pregnancy due to the morphological and the physiological changes that take place in the genitourinary tract during pregnancy [1]. It can be symptomatic or asymptomatic [2]. The prevalence of UTI in India was reported to be 3.14-19.87% [3][4][5]. A high prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria was found, which was 19.87% and 4.34% respectively [5]. Most of the centres perform a routine analysis of the midstream urine specimen during one or more antenatal visits. However, a full bacteriological analysis is both time-consuming and expensive and a vast majority of the antenatal urine specimens will be negative to the culture [1]. Screening methods may be useful because a full bacteriological analysis could be reserved for those patients who are symptomatic or those who have a positive screening test results. The upper urinary tract infections in particular, may lead to significant morbidity for both the mother and foetus [6]. Bacteriur...

show abstract

Section: The Performance Characteristics Of the Screening Tests For Utimentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: The Performance Characteristics Of the Screening Tests For Utimentioning

confidence: 94%

Can the Griess Nitrite Test and a Urinary Pus Cell Count of ≥5 Cells Per Micro Litre of Urine in Pregnant Women be Used for the Screening or the Early Detection of Urinary Tract Infections in Rural India?

Thakre¹

2012

JCDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Seventy-eight records were retrieved from the electronic database, while 25 studies[13141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637] were retained for qualitative synthesis [Figure 1]. The researchers had studied 11 individual tests and 7 combinations of various tests [Figure 1].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unmet need of antenatal screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria: A risk factor for adverse outcomes of pregnancy

Gehani

Kapila

Bhardwaj

et al. 2019

Indian J Community Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recommended urine culture is unsuitable for screening pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria due to long turn-around time, unaffordability, and user-unfriendliness. The objective of this review was to evaluate the suitability of various tests for this purpose. A PubMed-based systematic review of published articles irrespective of year and language was done. Search terms included asymptomatic bacteriuria, screening test, urinary tract infection, and diagnostic test. Diagnostic accuracy studies conducted on human populations comparing tests with urine culture were included. One author extracted predefined data fields, including quality indicators, another validated it. Of 78 records, 25 studies describing 15 tests were included. All tests were rapid, seven were valid and two of them were affordable and easy-to-use. No test provided comprehensive identification with antibiotic susceptibility. Despite publication bias, no test was found suitable for screening asymptomatic bacteriuria antenatally and providing evidence-based prescription. Further research is needed to develop tests which suit this purpose.

show abstract

“…This is within the reported range of 3-10% by other workers. Mathew et al, 1998 reported a prevalence of 6.8% in his study at Christian Medical College, Vellore 9 11,12,13,14,15 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Urinary Tract Infection During Pregnancy: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors and Treatment Outcome Based on Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern

Lakshmi¹,

Srivastava²,

Bharadwaj³

2019

J Pure Appl Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The Griess Test: An Inexpensive Screening Test for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Can the Griess Nitrite Test and a Urinary Pus Cell Count of ≥5 Cells Per Micro Litre of Urine in Pregnant Women be Used for the Screening or the Early Detection of Urinary Tract Infections in Rural India?

Can the Griess Nitrite Test and a Urinary Pus Cell Count of ≥5 Cells Per Micro Litre of Urine in Pregnant Women be Used for the Screening or the Early Detection of Urinary Tract Infections in Rural India?

Unmet need of antenatal screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria: A risk factor for adverse outcomes of pregnancy

Urinary Tract Infection During Pregnancy: Prevalence, Associated Risk Factors and Treatment Outcome Based on Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About