Menstruation in adolescent girls is often associated with menstruation related problems and poor practices. The study was planned to investigate the menstrual related problems and menstrual practices among school going adolescent girls. The study was a community based cross sectional study in a girls school in Nagpur. Majority of menstrual practices were significantly better in urban girls as compared to rural girls (P<0.05). Majority of the girls (71.83%) had at least one problem related to menstrual cycles. There was a significant difference in proportion of menstrual problems in rural and urban girls (P<0.01). Menstrual problems are a common source of morbidity in this population.

Background: Quality Work Life is the quality of relationship between employees and the total working environment. Nurses are the largest group of employees in health care organization. QWL of nurses is influenced by many factors. Objectives of the study were to know the perceptions about QWL and the factors contributing in QWL of nurses working in Government Medical College and Hospital, Yavatmal. Methods: A present cross sectional study was carried out in 100 randomly selected nurses working at tertiary heath care institution. A composite scale was used for assessment of QWL in nurses. Descriptive statistics were calculated and independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA was used to determine the relationship between quality of work life and other demographic variables. Results: Mean age ± SD of study participants was 39 ± 9 years. The majority (>70%) of nurse respondents indicated that they were satisfied with items in the dimension of work environment life. Quality of work life in terms of organizational culture; 78% have received cooperation from respective department. However, 61% were unsatisfied due to gender discrimination. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found according to education, marital status, work experience, night shifts, per capita per month income, and support from family members. Conclusions: This research provides an initial step in understanding the work life of nurses in a tertiary health care setting. The present study showed that nurses' quality of work life is at the moderate level. This study also reveals significant association with socio-demographic characteristics of nurses and QWL.

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Objectives: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common problem in pregnancy due to the morphological and the physiological changes that take place in the genitourinary tract during pregnancy. Screening methods may be useful, because a full bacteriological analysis could be reserved for those patients who are symptomatic or those who have positive screening test results. The exact prevalence of UTI in rural, pregnant women is unknown. The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of UTI in pregnant women and for ascertaining the utility of the Griess Nitrite test and the Urinary Pus Cell Count of ≥5 cells per micro litre test for the screening or the early detection of UTI in them at primary health care clinics. Occurrence of urinary complaints was compared in UTI and non UTI women. Method:We conducted a study on 300 randomly selected, pregnant women from rural areas. Urine cultures, pus-cell counts and the Griess nitrite test were used for diagnosis of UTI. The screening tests for UTI were evaluated in terms of their sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and the percentage of correctly classified. Results:In the present study, the prevalence of UTI was found to be 29/300 (9.6%, 95% confidence interval 9.57-9.63). The specificities of the two screening tests were comparable (97.05% and 94.47%). Also, the negative predictive values of the two tests were almost similar (97.77% and 96.96%). The percentage of correctly classified by the Griess nitrite test and the urine pus cell count were found to be 95.33% and 92.33% respectively. The proportion of the women with various urinary complaints was significantly higher (P<0.00) in the UTI subjects as compared to that in the non-UTI subjects. Conclusion:Urine culture remains the gold standard for the detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria. The Nitrite test of uncentrifuged urine was observed to be the best among the screening tests which were evaluated in terms of their efficiency and validity. InTROduCTIOnUrinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common problem in pregnancy due to the morphological and the physiological changes that take place in the genitourinary tract during pregnancy [1]. It can be symptomatic or asymptomatic [2]. The prevalence of UTI in India was reported to be 3.14-19.87% [3][4][5]. A high prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic bacteriuria was found, which was 19.87% and 4.34% respectively [5]. Most of the centres perform a routine analysis of the midstream urine specimen during one or more antenatal visits. However, a full bacteriological analysis is both time-consuming and expensive and a vast majority of the antenatal urine specimens will be negative to the culture [1]. Screening methods may be useful because a full bacteriological analysis could be reserved for those patients who are symptomatic or those who have a positive screening test results. The upper urinary tract infections in particular, may lead to significant morbidity for both the mother and foetus [6]. Bacteriur...

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