The Goldmann Applanation Tonometer*

Moses, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(58)90998-x

Cited by 153 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Greater forces will be required for higher values of IOP. The most important characteristic of the Goldman method is that measurements are done virtually free of the influence of schleral rigidity [34].…”

Section: Methods To Measure Iopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of automated digital eye palpation exam for intraocular pressure measurement

Luce

Enikov

Nelson

2009

2009 ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering

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Section: Methods To Measure Iopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of automated digital eye palpation exam for intraocular pressure measurement

Luce

Enikov

Nelson

2009

2009 ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering

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“…However, enucleated eyes are nonviable and devoid of various mechanisms that regulate IOP physiologically. Moreover, changes of Intraoperative assessment of intraocular pressure in vitrectomized air-filled and fluid-filled eyes physical properties of ocular tissues that could influence the measurements occur over time in the post-mortem (Moses 1958;Hessemer et al 1988). Badrinath et al (1993) measured the IOP of air-filled eyes using Tono-Pen intraoperatively and compared the measurements to water manometer readings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative assessment of intraocular pressure in vitrectomized air-filled and fluid-filled eyes

Moon

Choi

Rhee³

et al. 2013

Acta Ophthalmol

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To ascertain the difference of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement between vitrectomized air-filled and fluid-filled eyes. Methods: Thirty-one eyes of 31 consecutive patients who underwent conventional vitrectomy and intraocular gas tamponade were assessed. After vitrectomy, IOP of the fluid-filled eyes was measured by Tono-Pen. Thereafter, fluid-air exchange was performed, and IOP of the air-filled eyes was measured again. The IOP within each fluid-and air-filled eye was varied by selecting settings on the vitrectomy system, from 10 to 50 mmHg with 5-mmHg increments. Postoperatively, IOP was assessed by both Tono-Pen and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT). Linear and nonlinear regression analyses were conducted between intraoperatively measured Tono-Pen readings and actual IOPs. Bland-Altman plot was used to assess the agreements between postoperatively measured Tono-Pen readings and GAT readings. Results: The discrepancy between Tono-Pen readings and actual IOP in fluidfilled eyes was not significant, except for the profound high pressures over 45 mmHg. However, Tono-Pen readings in air-filled eyes were significantly lower than actual IOPs in all ranges, and Tono-Pen increasingly underestimates IOP at higher levels. Intraoperative Tono-Pen readings were correlated significantly with actual IOP and a quadratic equation evidenced the best fit (R 2 = 0.996). Postoperatively, difference of the measurements between TonoPen and GAT was not significant. Conclusion: Tono-Pen and GAT significantly underestimate actual IOP in airfilled eyes. It should be considered that actual IOP would be greater than the measured IOP in gas-filled eyes, even though the IOP is measured as normal.

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“…Several factors influence IOP evaluation by GAT, such as time and number of checks (6) , amount of fluorescein drops (7) , corneal curvature (8)(9) , central corneal thickness (10)(11) , among others. However, before questioning any other interfering factor, one should pay attention to instrument calibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%