The Global Need for Plant Breeding Capacity: What Roles for the Public and Private Sectors?

Morris, Michael L.; Edmeades, G.O.; Pehu, Eija

doi:10.21273/hortsci.41.1.30

Cited by 56 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Overall, public research and development (R&D) investment has decreased but private R&D investment has increased (Morris et al, 2006), which mirrors the employment trends mentioned earlier. Public research programs have also qualitatively changed their focus, as funding has shifted from applied field experiments to genomics and molecular biology.…”

Section: Other Trends Affecting Plant Breedingsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…Furthermore, new trade rules and the award (or elimination) of subsidies can rapidly alter the competitive climate among countries. Such changes can dramatically alter the value of individual commodities at the international level, increasing or decreasing the importance of plant breeding programs over short time periods (Morris et al, 2006).…”

Section: Other Trends Affecting Plant Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Future of Plant Breeding

Gepts

Hancock

2006

Crop Science

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A symposium was hosted 10 to 11 Mar. 2005 at Michigan State University to discuss the future of plant breeding education at public institutions. Plant breeding remains a vibrant, multidisciplinary science characterized by its ability to reinvent itself by absorbing and utilizing novel scientific findings and technical approaches. A contemporary breeding curriculum should include hands‐on experience with the inheritance and selection of complex traits in actual plant populations, basic biology of plants (reproductive biology, Mendelian genetics), principles of quantitative genetics and selection theory, principles and practice of plant breeding and related sciences such as genomics, applied statistics, experimental design, and pest sciences. Plant breeding education should also comprise several professional skills, including knowledge of other languages, business management, and intellectual property rights. The private sector should play an increased role in the plant breeding. There is also a need for alternative types of training in plant breeding geared toward working breeders and farmers. Additional support for plant breeding education programs may come from the private sector and the federal government. With regard to specialty crops, increased support for research and education may result from a focus on the unique features of these crops. Finally, it is important to cultivate public awareness of the accomplishments of plant breeding.

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Section: Other Trends Affecting Plant Breedingsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Other Trends Affecting Plant Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Plant Breeding

Gepts

Hancock

2006

Crop Science

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“…The latter's exports of fresh raspberries are usually considered complementary to Canada and U.S. production. Several trends have been identified as affecting the structure of plant breeding ranging from increasing globalization of agricultural trade to strengthened intellectual property rights (Morris et al, 2006). The changing trade patterns of exports and imports can alter the competitive advantage of a country and consequently affect how plant breeding programs are funded and carried out by public and private institutions (Gepts and Hancock, 2006).…”

Section: Globalization Of Raspberry Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intellectual property right protection under PBR was made a requirement for many countries around the world joining the World Trade Organization (WTO) and accepting the provisions of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) (Morris et al, 2006). Canada's PBR Act requires the cultivar to be uniform, distinctive, and stable.…”

Section: Protection Of Raspberry Cultivars In Canada and The United Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in Raspberry Production, Cultivar Releases, and Intellectual Property Rights: A Comparative Study of British Columbia and Washington State

Carew

Kempler

Moore

et al. 2009

International Journal of Fruit Science

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The Pacific Northwest (PNW) raspberry industry has undergone substantial structural changes over the last two decades driven by shifts in production and trade and strengthened intellectual property rights to protect cultivars. Since the mid-1980's, Washington raspberry production has increased substantively while British Columbia (BC) production has exhibited a downward decline. Plant breeding in the PNW has been affected by the increased globalization of the raspberry trade and the increased emphasis on plant patents and plant breeder's rights to protect cultivars. The increased emphasis on intellectual property rights to protect cultivars is likely to affect the accessibility of germplasm and the transaction costs of procuring planting material from European breeding programs. Raspberry research in BC has concentrated its efforts in developing improved cultivars with little research on the effects of management practices on fruit yields. The development of improved cultivars in the PNW has relied on conventional or classical breeding approaches. With reduced public support for raspberry breeding research in the PNW, breeding programs rely Developments in Raspberry Production and Cultivar Releases 55 more heavily on support from industry associations. Future prosperity of the PNW raspberry industry would require developing competitive cultivars and promoting intellectual property protection to stimulate market development and the world-wide dissemination of improved cultivars.

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“…Regrettably, there is a current critical shortage of plant breeders throughout the world (Morris et al, 2006). Too few students are being prepared for careers in plant breeding to meet current demands of either universities and research centers, to maintain and replenish faculty, or private sector businesses (Bliss, 2007; Gepts and Hancock, 2006; Miller et al, 2010; Traxler et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Graduate‐Level Plant Breeding Curriculum: A Delphi Study of Private Sector Stakeholder Opinions

Miller¹,

Repinski²,

Hayes

et al. 2011

J. Nat. Resour. Life Sci. Edu

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A broad‐based survey using the Delphi method was conducted to garner current information from private sector stakeholders and build consensus opinions supporting key ideas for enhancing plant breeder education and training. This study asked respondents to suggest and rate topics and content they deemed most important to plant breeding graduate programs and curricula related to the areas of knowledge, experiences, skills, and specialties. Examination of private stakeholder recommendations for integration into a student's education and preparation for jobs outside academia was then performed. Knowledge of traditional plant breeding, genetics, statistics, and experimental design, along with emerging topics including database management and ethics, were rated very important. Experiences rated as very important included designing an experiment, as well as field and laboratory data analysis. Stakeholders suggested that experiences focusing on communication, teamwork, and management are key aspects of training. Scientific skills suggested by stakeholders aligned quite well with important knowledge and experience categories and also included skills a student can acquire through a variety of experiences focused on judgment and ideas, time and efficiency in completing tasks, and decision making abilities. The information detailed in this study will be useful to all educators seeking content ideas from private sector stakeholders for curriculum programs. It will also be a valuable tool for new graduate students seeking to understand the knowledge and skill sets that are recommended for a plant breeder prior to seeking a job in the private sector.

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The Global Need for Plant Breeding Capacity: What Roles for the Public and Private Sectors?

Cited by 56 publications

References 16 publications

The Future of Plant Breeding

The Future of Plant Breeding

Developments in Raspberry Production, Cultivar Releases, and Intellectual Property Rights: A Comparative Study of British Columbia and Washington State

Designing Graduate‐Level Plant Breeding Curriculum: A Delphi Study of Private Sector Stakeholder Opinions

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