Production functions to explain regional wheat yields have not been studied extensively in the Canadian prairies. The objective of this study is to employ a Just-Pope production function to examine the relationship between fertilizer inputs, soil quality, biodiversity indicators, cultivars qualifying for Plant Breeders' Rights (PBR), and climatic conditions on the mean and variance of spring wheat yields. Using regional-level wheat data from Manitoba, Canada, model results show nitrogen fertilizer, temporal diversity, and PBR wheat cultivars are associated with increased yield variance. Mean wheat yield is reduced by the proportion of land in wheat, the interaction of growing temperature and precipitation, and spatial diversity. By contrast, higher soil quality and PBR wheat cultivars increase mean yield. The wheat yield increases attributed to PBR range from 37.2 (1.4%) to 54.5 kg/ha (2.0%). Plant Breeders' Rights may have enhanced royalties from increased certified seed sales, but the benefits in terms of higher wheat yield or lower yield variability are limited. Future research is required to understand the interactive effects of fertilization practices, genetic diversity, and environmental conditions on regional wheat yield stability.
"To examine the buying habits of British Columbia (BC) wine consumers and their appreciation of French wine attributes, we estimate a hedonic price function for Burgundy wines which comprise an array of different appellations, vintages, and alcohol levels. BC ranks among the top three wine-consuming provinces in Canada and residents' wine preferences are likely linked to an emerging sophistication in tastes. This study uses weekly retail sales data and attributes of Burgundy wines reported by the BC Liquor Distribution Branch. The results confirm the collective reputation effects of the Burgundy wine region and show that the implicit values differ between white and red Burgundy wines with village designation and vintage having a relatively larger effect on white wine prices than in the case of red wines. Burgundy white wines, such as Aloxe-Corton, Chassagne-Montrachet Premier Cru, Meursault Premier Cru, and Chablis Grand Cru, were associated with larger price premia." Copyright (c) 2010 Canadian Agricultural Economics Society.
The quality and market characteristics of apples have important implications for the merchandising strategy of packers and marketers. A hedonic price function relating apple prices to product and market quality characteristics is estimated for British Columbia over three marketing years (1994–96). The results indicate that grade, cultivar, storage and marketing season are the most significant variables influencing apple prices. The results show that price discounts and premiums for quality characteristics are relatively larger for the linear model than for the log‐linear or power‐transformed models. Les caractères qualitatifs et commerciaux des pommes ont des répercussions importantes sur les stratégies de vente des emballeurs et des vendeurs. L'auteur examine une fonction hédonique des prix qui relie le prix des pommes aux caractères du produit et à sa qualité commerciale au cours de trois campagnes de mise en marche (1994–1996) en Colombie‐Britannique. À partir des résultats, il découle que le classement, le cultivar, la conservation et la période de mise en marché sont les variables les plus significatives du prix des pommes. Les résultats montrent que les rabais et les primes à la qualité sont relativement plus importants selon le modèle linéaire que dans les modèles log linéaires ou dans les modèles à transformée exponentielle.
A fixed‐effects model to control for time variation in marginal costs is employed to pinpoint evidence of price discriminatory behavior of Canadian and U.S. exporters of agri‐food products. We test for evidence of pricing to market behavior and whether price discrimination or commodity/country characteristics may provide a plausible explanation. A distinguishing feature of our approach is to examine the time‐series properties of the data by the conventional augmented Dickey‐Fuller and recently developed panel unit root test. The panel data set employed in this paper consists of annual exchange rates and export prices for three agri‐food products (wheat, pulse and apples) exported by Canada and the U.S. in foreign markets during 1980–98. Our fixed‐effects model suggests that U.S. exporters are sensitive to exchange rate changes, while Canadian exporters in most cases raised price markups in response to a depreciated currency in overseas markets. The results highlight the differences in pricing policy that both countries employ to merchandise agri‐food products in export markets.
The premium quality wine market in British Columbia has grown substantively over the past decade. However, few empirical studies exist to quantify how consumers have responded to these wines. This paper employs a source-differentiated almost ideal demand system (AIDS) model with time-varying parameters to estimate the demand for premium quality wines using scanner sales data from the British Columbia wine market. The empirical findings reveal that consumers' response to foreign-produced wines differs from that for wine produced locally. It is evident that the expenditure elasticities for British Columbia, European and Rest-of-the-World white wines are larger than those for red wines. The high expenditure elasticities associated with British Columbia white wines may suggest that these wines are associated with higher quality. We reject the hypotheses of block separability and product aggregation. There is no evidence of structural change from the tests employed in this paper. Le marché du vin de qualité supérieure a considérablement pris de l'expansion en Colombie-Britannique ces dix dernières années. Les auteurs utilisent un modèle à demande quasi idéale avec différenciation de la source et paramètres variant dans le temps pour estimer la demande de vin de qualité supérieure à partir des chiffres de vente sur le marché provincial. Les résultats empiriques indiquent que les consommateurs ne réagissent pas aux vins étrangers de la même façon qu'aux vins du cru. Les élasticités des dépenses sont manifestement plus nombreuses pour les vins blancs de laColombie-Britannique, d'Europe et d'autres régions que pour les vins rouges. Les fortes élasticités liées aux vins blancs du cru laissent croire que ces derniers sont d'une grande qualité. Les auteurs rejettent l'hypothèse d'une séparabilité par bloc et de l'agrégation des produits. Les tests employés dans le cadre de cette recherche ne révèlent aucun changement structural.
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