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Although lesson study is increasingly adopted in the United States (U.S.), the impact of lesson study on teacher learning is uncertain. This study presents a theoretically grounded set of codes to systematically document the various aspects of teacher learning and change (knowledge and beliefs, professional learning community, resources) in lesson study across contexts. To present examples of the codes in use, a subset of codes related to change in teacher knowledge and beliefs were applied to analyze teachers' professional discourse in three middle school science lesson study teams.

Plant breeders play a critical role in crop improvement, yet recent studies have shown that there may not be enough skilled breeders to meet current and future demands. A survey of three expert stakeholders groups, public breeders from developed countries (PUB), private breeders from developed countries (PRI), and breeders from developing countries (DEV), was conducted to determine what knowledge, experiences, and skills plant breeding students should have at completion of a graduate degree. All groups recognized knowledge of plant breeding, statistics, and genetics, as well as experiences and skills in practical breeding, experimental design, and field work as important. In addition, DEV and PUB stakeholders rated plant genetic resources and plant diversity, germplasm management, scientific communication, and field visits as important, and they emphasized interdisciplinary work, leadership, and teamwork. Each sector also highlighted unique needs. The DEV sector emphasized policy and law and regulatory, and the PUB sector placed importance on extension and skills in lab techniques, assessing genetic diversity, and using genomic information. The PRI sector emphasized knowledge about biotechnology and seed business and experience in experimental design, and computer database and program management. Reassessment of plant breeding education programs should incorporate new scientific knowledge and emerging technologies while retaining core knowledge and essential practices and skills.

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