The Gender Pay Gap in Informal Employment in Poland

Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia

2020

Research background: Household income depends on its demographic composition, age and education of its members, place of residence and many other factors. In our work, we concentrate on the income distribution of Polish households.Purpose: The study aims to compare the household income distributions in Polish voivodeships, taking into account the gender of the family head. We provide evidence on the magnitude and determinants of regional differences in gender-specific income disparities.Research methodology: In order to move beyond estimation based on mean values, we apply the Residual Imputation Approach and extend the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition procedure to different quantile points along the income distribution. To describe the differences between two income distributions we construct a counterfactual distribution and decompose the inequalities into explained and unexplained components.Results: The regional variation of the gender income gap has been explained with individual and jobrelated characteristics. There exists an important diversity in the size of the gender income gap across the Polish provinces. The results obtained for 16 voivodeships allowed us to group them into four clusters: heavily industrialized voivodeships with a large income gap, weakly industrialized with a low income gap, voivodships with large agglomerations characterized by a low gap, and medium-developed voivodeships with a large, U-shaped gap.Novelty: Our results provide novel insights into the regional dimension of the income gap.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the Income Distribution of Households Run by Men and Women by Voivodeships

Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia

2020

“…Only a few studies go beyond the mean-decomposition (e.g. Newell, Socha, 2005;Rokicka, Ruzik, 2010;Landmesser, Karpio, Łukasiewicz, 2015;Landmesser, 2016). The aim of this work is to study differences between income distributions in Poland in 2002 and 2012.…”

Section: Objective Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of Differences between Household Income Distributions in Poland in Years 2002 and 2012

2018

Folia Oeconomica

In this study we present the decomposition of income inequalities between household income distributions in Poland in 2002 and 2012. The difference between two distributions may be decomposed using the counterfactual distribution, which can be constructed in various ways. Techniques such as the residual imputation approach and RIF‑regression method (recentered influence function) were considered. The application of these methods made it possible to show the aggregate detailed decompositions in different quantile points along the income distribution. The influence of several person’s characteristics on the differences in income distributions was examined. By decomposing the inequalities into the explained and unexplained components it was possible to receive additional information about their causes.

“…They are initially decreasing (among the poorest), for quantiles of the order 0.4-0.6 are higher again, then lower again, and, on the right end of the income distribution, they grow stronger (among the richest). Rokicka and Ruzik (2010) or Christofides, Polycarpou, and Vrachimis (2013)). This reflects the reduction of wage inequality, probably due to 'better' characteristics of women than men.…”

Section: Decomposition Of Differences In Income Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the study of Newell and Socha (2005) showed that many factors influence only high wages, localized in the high quatiles on the wages distribution. Similarly, Rokicka and Ruzik (2010) showed that differences between wages of men and women are the biggest in the right part of the distributions. Other studies in this field are: Magda and Szydłowski (2008), Matysiak, Baranowska, and Słoczyński (2010), Słoczyński (2012), Landmesser, Karpio, and Łukasiewicz (2015), and Landmesser (2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Use of Hazard Models for the Analysis of Income Inequalities in Poland

Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia

2018

The aim of the paper is to examine the income inequalities of men and women in Poland. We estimate conditional cumulative distribution functions for incomes in both groups of people using a flexible hazard-function based estimator in the presence of covariates. The conditional piecewise-constant exponential hazard models are applied. Then, we decompose the estimated income differences along the whole income distribution. For this purpose, we construct the counterfactual distribution, which is the distribution of incomes that would prevail for women if they had the distribution of men’s characteristics. The method allowed to investigate the structure of inequalities in the entire range of income values for the two analyzed groups of people. The empirical investigation is based on the data collected within the EU-SILC project.