This article deals with active ageing as a policy concept and its meanings in different cultures. We describe the Czech Republic and Poland, formerly communist states that experienced economic and political transitions in the 1990s and joined the European Union in 2004. Both countries are demographically similar, with ageing populations, but their understanding of active ageing as a policy issue are quite different. The methodology used was a meta‐analysis of expert interviews and consultations. The results show that there is no comprehensive policy towards active ageing in Poland and the Czech Republic does not have an overall systemic vision based on the principles of active ageing. The debate on activity in old age focuses on labour market employment activity, neglecting most of the issues of social services, care‐giving or just plain leisure. The lack of institutional mechanisms, fiscal limitations, discriminatory socio‐cultural perceptions and an unfavourable economic climate have all constituted barriers to implementing active ageing strategies in the period analysed. However, it seems that the problem has been noticed and that demographic changes and the attitudes of the elderly in the future could bring forth a more wide‐ranging discussion on active ageing.
Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. .......................................................................................................................... Terms of use: Documents in AbstractThis paper addresses the issue of the gender pay gap in the formal and informal labour markets in Poland. The authors verify the hypothesis of the existence of a gender pay gap in informal work and compare this gap with the one observed in the formal (registered) labour market.Various analyses of available data show that size and characteristics of gender pay gap differ depending on the level of earnings. The inequality of earnings among unregistered women and men is more pronounced at the bottom tail of the earnings distribution. In the case of formal employees, inequality at the top of the distribution tends to be larger, confirming the existence of a 'glass ceiling'.The decomposition of the gender pay gap for selected quintiles indicates that it would be even higher if women had men's characteristics.A possible explanation of the results is the lack of minimum wage regulations in the informal market and the greater flexibility in agreement on wages in the higher quantiles.
Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The CASE Network is a group of economic and social research centers in Poland, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, and Belarus. Organizations in the network regularly conduct joint research and advisory projects. The research covers a wide spectrum of economic and social issues, including economic effects of the European integration process, economic relations between the EU and CIS, monetary policy and euro-accession, innovation and competitiveness, and labour markets and social policy. The network aims to increase the range and quality of economic research and information available to policy-makers and civil society, and takes an active role in on-going debates on how to meet the economic challenges facing the EU, post-transition countries and the global economy. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor mayThe CASE network consists of: Tables and figures........................................................................... ....................................................... (IZA), Bonn. Marek Góra is an author of various articles in the fields of pension economics, labour economics, unemployment, labour market policies. Marek Góra is the co-author of the design of the pension reform called Security through Diversity and the leader of a team of experts who worked on the reform. A. in International Economics), she is currently a PhD candidate at the University of Essex (ISER-Institute for Social and Economic Research). Her research interests are focused on applied microeconomics, labor market, gender inequalities and social issues. She has participated as a researcher in several international projects, including: a study of shadow economy in Poland, analysis of gender pay gap in CIS, study of gender specific issues related to participation in social security in Ukraine and Russia. She also coordinated a study on mobility of Polish researchers and participated in advisory panel for an integrated programme AliCE (Analysing Life Chances in Europe) which examines life chances and living standards across both the "old" and the "new" member states of the EU. Grzegorz Kula received a master degree in Economics at AbstractThe paper focuses on the social safety nets in Russian Federation and Ukraine in the view of changes on the labour market since the beginning of economic transition. We showed that many past phenomena (e.g. restructuring of the economy, wage and pension arrears, new groups at-risk-of-poverty, demographic transition) caused a need to ch...
Résumé Le présent article traite du « vieillissement actif » en tant que concept politique et de sa signification au sein de différentes cultures. Nous nous penchons ici sur la République tchèque et la Pologne, deux anciens pays communistes qui ont connu une transition économique et politique dans les années 1990 et ont adhéré à l’Union européenne en 2004. Ces pays ont tous deux une démographie similaire, à savoir une population vieillissante, mais ils diffèrent assez largement par leur vision du vieillissement actif comme question d’action publique. La méthode employée est une méta-analyse d’entretiens et de consultations avec des spécialistes. Les résultats montrent qu’il n’y a pas en Pologne de politique globale relative à la question du vieillissement actif et, en République tchèque, pas de vision systémique générale fondée sur les principes du vieillissement actif. Le débat sur l’activité des seniors se focalise largement sur l’emploi et le marché de travail, délaissant en grande partie la question des services sociaux, des soins à la personne ou encore, tout simplement, des loisirs. Le manque de mécanismes institutionnels, les obstacles budgétaires, les perceptions socioculturelles discriminatoires ou encore la conjoncture économique défavorable constituent autant de barrières à la mise en place de stratégies de vieillissement actif pour la période étudiée. Toutefois, il apparaît que le problème est désormais connu, et que les modifications de la démographie ainsi que l’attitude des seniors pourront, à l’avenir, peser sur un débat plus large consacré au vieillissement actif.
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