The Flow Pattern in Single and Multiple Submerged Channels with Gas Evolution at the Electrodes

Alexiadis, Alessio; Duduković, Milorad P.; Ramachandran, P.A.; Cornell, Ann; Wanngård, J.; Bokkers, A.

doi:10.1155/2012/392613

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In cell stacks incorporating gas evolving electrodes, fluid flow can differ considerably from that observed in single-channel cells due to the accumulation of small bubbles. 164,165 Pressure drop has also been predicted for electrochemical reactors involving two phase fluids. 166,167 The flow velocity within porous electrodes can be considered by implementing a modified version of the Brinkman equation.…”

Section: Features Of the Plane Parallel Flow Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review—The Versatile Plane Parallel Electrode Geometry: An Illustrated Review

Arenas

León

Walsh

2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The features of the plane parallel geometry are reviewed since this cell geometry occupies a prominent position, both in the laboratory and in industry. The simple parallel plate can be enhanced by inclusion of porous, 3D electrodes, structured surfaces and bipolar electrical connections, with adequate attention to the reaction environment. Unit cells are often arranged in a modular, filter-press format. Scale-up is achieved by increasing the size of each electrode, the number of electrodes in a stack or the number of stacks in a system. The use of turbulence promoters in the flow channel, textured (including nanostructured) and porous electrodes as well as cell division by an ion exchange membrane can considerably widen the scope of the plane parallel geometry. Features of plane parallel cell designs are illustrated by selected examples from our laboratories and industry, including a fuel cell, an electrosynthesis cell and hybrid redox flow cells for energy storage. Recent trends include the development of microflow cells for electrosynthesis, 3D printing of fast prototype cells and a range of computational models to simulate reaction environment and rationalise performance. Future research needs are highlighted.

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Section: Features Of the Plane Parallel Flow Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review—The Versatile Plane Parallel Electrode Geometry: An Illustrated Review

Arenas

León

Walsh

2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Tsuge et al [21] investigated the effects of the electrolyte velocity and the average current density on the current density distribution in a horizontal electrolysis cell. Alexiadis and co-workers [22][23][24] investigated the liquid-gas flow patterns in single and multiple narrow gas-evolving channels using a Euler-Euler two-phase model with OpenFOAM. They noted that the flow pattern could transfer into 'pseudo-turbulent' if the current density was high and a sufficient amount of small bubbles was present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrodynamic characteristics of the two-phase flow field at gas-evolving electrodes: numerical and experimental studies

Liu

Sun

et al. 2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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Gas-evolving vertical electrode system is a typical electrochemical industrial reactor. Gas bubbles are released from the surfaces of the anode and affect the electrolyte flow pattern and even the cell performance. In the current work, the hydrodynamics induced by the air bubbles in a cold model was experimentally and numerically investigated. Particle image velocimetry and volumetric three-component velocimetry techniques were applied to experimentally visualize the hydrodynamics characteristics and flow fields in a two-dimensional (2D) plane and a three-dimensional (3D) space, respectively. Measurements were performed at different gas rates. Furthermore, the corresponding mathematical model was developed under identical conditions for the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The experimental measurements were compared with the numerical results based on the mathematical model. The study of the time-averaged flow field, three velocity components, instantaneous velocity and turbulent intensity indicate that the numerical model qualitatively reproduces liquid motion. The 3D model predictions capture the flow behaviour more accurately than the 2D model in this study.

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Experimental and numerical investigation of two‐phase flow patterns in magnesium electrolysis cell with non‐uniform current density distribution

Liu

Sun

et al. 2015

Can J Chem Eng

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In a magnesium electrolysis cell, the electrolyte flow pattern can be affected by the chlorine gas bubbles release from the anodes. A 2D gas‐liquid mathematical model was developed to simulate the liquid velocity and gas volume fraction. A Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experimental set‐up was employed to determine the characteristics of velocity field in a cold model and to validate the mathematical model. The numerical results show good agreement with the experimental data. The local production rate of gas evolution is related to the anode current density according to Faraday's law. To make the bubble generation close to the reality, the non‐uniform current density distribution over the anode surfaces, derived from the thermoelectric model, has been added to the gas‐liquid model as initial boundary conditions. According to the analysis, the use of non‐uniform conditions is necessary. The flow patterns in the side channels are found to be quite different from that in the middle channels, where the velocity is much lower. It is noted that both current intensity and bubble size can significantly affect the velocity field and gas volume fraction distributions. The velocity can be increased with higher current intensities and larger bubble size, and the gas volume fraction can be enhanced with higher current intensities and lower bubble diameters. Additionally, the liquid velocity will decrease sharply when the bubble diameter smaller than the critical value (0.9 mm). It is better to keep the bubble diameter larger than the critical size for the electrolyte circulation.

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The Flow Pattern in Single and Multiple Submerged Channels with Gas Evolution at the Electrodes

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Critical Review—The Versatile Plane Parallel Electrode Geometry: An Illustrated Review

Critical Review—The Versatile Plane Parallel Electrode Geometry: An Illustrated Review

Hydrodynamic characteristics of the two-phase flow field at gas-evolving electrodes: numerical and experimental studies

Experimental and numerical investigation of two‐phase flow patterns in magnesium electrolysis cell with non‐uniform current density distribution

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