The flame retarding mechanism of the novolac as char agent with the fire retardant containing phosphorous–nitrogen in thermoplastic poly(ether ester) elastomer system

Zhong, Yi; Wu, Wei; Ren, Wei; Luo, Qi; Wang, Zheng

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.04.013

Cited by 50 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…23 With the addition of the P-N FR, the MPP decomposed out nonflammable gas, diluting oxygen concentration during combustion. It extinguished the flame simultaneously, 17,24 leading to the increase of LOI value to some extent. Nevertheless, considering as an acid source in the condensed phase, AlPi facilitated the dehydration of TPEE during combustion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The decomposition of neat TPEE starts at 401.7 C with the highest loss rate of 2.62 wt% min À1 at 426.8 C. TPEE decomposed by single step without residues on account of its complete degradation into gaseous molecules after the TGA test. 17 With increasing P-N FR in TPEE, the mass loss temperature reduced nearly 10 C, for the decomposition temperature of AlPi (temperature at 5% weight loss (T 5% ) ¼ 381 C) and MPP (T 5% ¼ 385 C) were little lower than the TPEE. 27 Inversely, the mass loss rate reduced while the weight of residue increased to about 6.75%.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Behaviormentioning

confidence: 91%

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New insight into the preparation of flame-retardant thermoplastic polyether ester utilizing β-cyclodextrin as a charring agent

Zhang

et al. 2016

High Performance Polymers

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The past decade has witnessed remarkable progress of the development and amelioration of thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer (TPEE), showing its promising wide-range utility. Herein we unraveled an unprecedented research to utilize -cyclodextrin (-CD) with perfect charring ability in TPEE in substitution of toxic halogen flame retardants. The TPEE/phosphorous-nitrogen flame retardants (P-N FR) (aluminum diethylphosphinate and melamine polyphosphate)/-CD system was created and the flame retardance effects were determined using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the vertical burning test (UL94), while the charring effects of -CD were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Besides, the mechanical properties and the morphology were tested by the universal testing machine and SEM. Results indicate that with 10 wt% of -CD added to the TPEE/25 wt% P-N FR systems, the UL94 can reach to V-0 grade and the tensile strength of this blend was kept above 10 MPa, which can be applied in practice. To our delight, -CD promoted the formation of stable and compact carbonaceous char, preventing the melt dripping and enhancing the properties and the charring mechanism was better studied by real-time Fourier transform infrared spectra. Being easy to construct, sustainable, and economic, the TPEE composite modified by -CD and P-N FR is a reliable and widely applicable novel fire retardation material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Thermogravimetric Behaviormentioning

confidence: 91%

New insight into the preparation of flame-retardant thermoplastic polyether ester utilizing β-cyclodextrin as a charring agent

Zhang

et al. 2016

High Performance Polymers

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“…In this process, an integral graphitized char layer consisting of heat resistant specimens such as aromatic, silicon, and Zn compounds is formed, which cuts off the heat and oxygen transmission and prevents burning of the composites. Secondary, ZIF‐8 and DDGS could produce N 2 , NH 3 , and H 2 O during combustion . These incombustible gases release the heat generated by the combustion and dilute the combustible gas concentration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the flame retardancy of polypropylene by nano metal–organic frameworks and bioethanol coproduct

et al. 2019

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Summary In this work, a novel flame retardant system based on nano zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) and the distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) without traditional flame retardants has been designed and blended with polypropylene (PP) to prepare the green flame retarded composites. The influences of nano ZIF‐8 and DDGS on mechanical properties and flame retardancy of PP are studied. The results indicate that combination of nano ZIF‐8 and DDGS improves the mechanical properties of PP, and the tensile strength of the composites containing 29 wt% of DDGS and 1 wt% of nano ZIF‐8 reaches 34.0 MPa compared with 24.7 MPa of pure PP. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the composites containing 27 wt% DDGS and 3 wt% of nano ZIF‐8 is about 25.0% compared with 17.5% of pure PP. Besides, its horizontal burning velocity also decreases significantly. The char residues after burning of the PP composites are analyzed, and the mechanism is discussed in detail.

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“…According to many experiments and our previous studies, the best flame retardancy for TPEE/P-N can be obtained when the mass ratio of phosphorous to nitrogen is kept at 5:1 [9] . OP935 and MCA were blended first at the mass ratio of 5:1…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Few researches have reported that phosphorous-nitrogen flame retardants with synergistic agents such as OMMT [8] , novlac [9] , CNTs or MoS 2 [10] can be effective on flame retarding TPEE. High efficient and stable carbon agents are of great significance to improve the efficiency of IFRs, and thus research on carbon agents is becoming a hotspot in flame retardants [11,12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of BHDB-IPC with AlPi/MCA on flame retarding TPEE

Zhang

Zhong

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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The deoxybenzoined-based copolyarylate of BHDB-IPC with perfect charring ability was synthesized. The synergistic effects of BHDB-IPC as a charring agent in TPEE flame retarded by the phosphorous-nitrogen flame retardant (P-N FR) based on the AlPi/MCA were studied using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL94 test, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), temperature-depend FTIR, laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The UL94 test showed that with the BHDB-IPC added to TPEE/P-N FR systems had a synergistic FR effect in condensed phase with AlPi. The TGA data illustrated that BHDB-IPC increased the thermal stability of the TPEE/P-N FR systems and especially the residues at high temperature (T＞700 o C). The synergistic mechanisms between AlPi and BHDB-IPC were analyzed from the temperature-depend FTIR. The residues were analyzed with LRS and SEM, which could provide useful information on the carbonaceous microstructures and the morphological structures. It was demonstrated that the BHDB-IPC promoted the information of stable and compact carbonaceous char which could prevent the melt dripping and improve the flame retardancy. Thus, BHDB-IPC was a promising synergist for the P-N flame retardant in TPEE.

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The flame retarding mechanism of the novolac as char agent with the fire retardant containing phosphorous–nitrogen in thermoplastic poly(ether ester) elastomer system

Cited by 50 publications

References 26 publications

New insight into the preparation of flame-retardant thermoplastic polyether ester utilizing β-cyclodextrin as a charring agent

New insight into the preparation of flame-retardant thermoplastic polyether ester utilizing β-cyclodextrin as a charring agent

Improving the flame retardancy of polypropylene by nano metal–organic frameworks and bioethanol coproduct

Synergistic effects of BHDB-IPC with AlPi/MCA on flame retarding TPEE

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