New insight into the preparation of flame-retardant thermoplastic polyether ester utilizing <i>β</i>-cyclodextrin as a charring agent

Zhang, Luchong; Wu, Wei; Li, Jia Hui; Wang, Zheng; Wang, Liang; Chen, Shiying

doi:10.1177/0954008316648004

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Very good result on fire retardance of Poly(ether ester) elastomer (TPEE) was obtained by Zhang L. et al [57], who used BCD, aluminum diethylphosphinate (ALPI), and melamine polyphosphate as fire retardant. BCD promoted the formation of stable and compact carbonaceous char, preventing the melt dripping.…”

Section: Cyclodextrin Role In Fr Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Green Char Promoters in Flame Retardants Formulations for Polymeric Materials. A Review

Luda

Zanetti

2019

Polymers

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Polymers are intrinsically flammable materials; hence, fire retardance (FR) is required in their most common applications (i.e., electronic and construction, to mention some). Recently, it has been reported that cyclodextrin (CD) and cyclodextrin derivatives are beginning to be introduced into Intumescent Fire Retardant (IFR) formulations in place of pentaerythritol, which is used in IFRs that are currently on the market. Since IFRs are of less environmental concern than their hazardous halogen containing counterparts, the use of natural origin compounds in IFRs provides a way to comply with green chemistry issues. BCD and BCD derivatives presence in IFR mixtures promotes a higher yield of blowing gases and char when polymeric materials undergo combustion. Both processes play important roles in intumescence. The key rule to obtain in insulating compact char is the good dispersion of the nanoparticles in the matrix, which can be achieved by functionalizing nanoparticles with BCD derivatives. Moreover, CD derivatives are attractive because of their nanosized structure and their ability to form inclusion complexes with many compounds used as FR components, reducing their release to the environment during their shelf life of FR items. Often, fire retardance performed by BCD and BCD derivatives accompanies other relevant properties, such as improved mechanical resistance, washability resistance, self healing ability, thermal conductivity, etc. The application of CD fire retardant additives in many polymers, such as poly(lactic acid), poly(propylene), poly(vinyl acetate), poly(methyl methacrylate), linear low density poly(ethylene), polyamides, and polyesters are comprehensively reviewed here.

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Section: Cyclodextrin Role In Fr Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Green Char Promoters in Flame Retardants Formulations for Polymeric Materials. A Review

Luda

Zanetti

2019

Polymers

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“…β-CD was used together with isopropylated triaryl phosphate ester to improve the flame resistance of polylactic acid/poly(methyl methacrylate) [9]. A thermoplastic polyester elastomer/β-CD/aluminum diethylphosphinate and melamine polyphosphate system was created and the flame retardant effect was determined in a previous study [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex and Its Application as an Intumescent Flame Retardant for Epoxy

Shan

Jiang

et al. 2019

Polymers

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A new P-N containing the flame retardant, which was namely N,N′-dibutyl-phosphate diamide (DBPDA), was synthesized and it was assembled into the cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to form an inclusion complex (IC). The structure and properties of IC were characterized by Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 1H NMR and SEM-EDS were also used to identify the molar ratio of β-CD/DBPDA in IC and the results from the analyses indicated that their molar ratio was 1:1. In order to test the flame retardant effect of IC, it was added to epoxy (EP). IC was proposed to be able to act as an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system in EP through a combination of β-CD and DBPDA properties during the combustion process. β-CD is a biomass carbon source, which has the advantages of environmental protection and low cost. Furthermore, DBPDA is both a source of acid and gas. When IC was heated, IC had the advantage of acting as both a carbon source and foam forming agent, while the DBPDA component were able to directly generate phosphoric acid and NH3 in situ. The impact of IC in low additive amounts on flame retardancy of EP was studied by the cone calorimeter test. When only 3 wt % IC was incorporated, the peak values of heat release rate (pHRR) and smoke production rate (pSPR) of EP were reduced by 22.9% and 33.3% respectively, which suggested that IC could suppress the heat and smoke release efficiently.

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“…The ratio A D /A G of the integrated peak of D peak and G peak was often used to characterize the degree of graphitization of the residual char. In general, the smaller the R value of the test residual char, the higher the degree of graphitization 29 . It could be seen from Table 3 that the R values of PP/25IFR and PP/23IFR/2O‐SDS‐LDHs char residue are 1.91 and 1.75, respectively, so the char residue of the latter had a higher degree of graphitization than the char residue of the former.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of modified layered double hydroxide on the flammability of intumescent flame retardant PP nanocomposites

Shên

Wang

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The dodecyl sulfate intercalated CaMgAl-hydrotalcites (layered double hydroxides [LDHs]) were successfully prepared by co-precipitation method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared spectra [FT-IR]), thermogravimetry (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscope, and BrunnerÀEmmetÀTeller (BET). The prepared LDHs were added to the intumescent flame retardant (IFR) polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites, and the limiting oxygen index method (LOI), vertical combustion method (UL-94), cone calorimetry (CCT), and other test methods were used to study its thermal stability and combustion performance. The results showed that when the flame retardant was composed of 23 wt% IFR and 2 wt% O-SDS-LDHs, the LOI value of the material was increased to 31.5%, reaching the V-0 level, and the flame retardant performance was significantly improved. The results also showed that there was a significant synergistic effect between IFR and O-SDS-LDHs, which could improve the thermal stability and graphitization degree of PP nanocomposites. In addition, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of the PP/IFR/ O-SDS-LDHs system were 177 kW/m 2 , 101 MJ/m 2 , and 15.4 m 2 , respectively, which were 82.2%, 51.0%, and 23.0% lower than those of pure PP, respectively. These improvements could be attributed to the presence of dense and continuous char layer formed by the synergistic effect. K E Y W O R D Scomposites, nanoparticles, nanowires and nanocrystals, synthesis and processing techniques, thermal properties, thermogravimetric analysis

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New insight into the preparation of flame-retardant thermoplastic polyether ester utilizing β-cyclodextrin as a charring agent

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Green Char Promoters in Flame Retardants Formulations for Polymeric Materials. A Review

Cyclodextrins and Cyclodextrin Derivatives as Green Char Promoters in Flame Retardants Formulations for Polymeric Materials. A Review

Preparation of β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex and Its Application as an Intumescent Flame Retardant for Epoxy

Effect of modified layered double hydroxide on the flammability of intumescent flame retardant PP nanocomposites

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