The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST)

Ebbert, Jon O.; Patten, Christi A.; Schroeder, Darrell R.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.015

Cited by 160 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Only 20 percent of the participants were in the medium dependent group. For smokers, criteria suggested by Heatherton et al (1991) was used and for smokeless tobacco users modified Fagerstorm's criteria given by Ebbert et al (2006) was used. Both the criterias were validated and used in the study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Individual and Group Counseling for Cessation of Tobacco Habit Amongst Industrial Workers in Pimpri, Pune - An Interventional Study

Savant¹,

Hegde-Shetiya²,

Agarwal³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Individual and Group Counseling for Cessation of Tobacco Habit Amongst Industrial Workers in Pimpri, Pune - An Interventional Study

Savant¹,

Hegde-Shetiya²,

Agarwal³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Nicotine Dependence was assessed using Fagerstrom Scale for smoking and smokeless tobacco. [20][21][22] The data obtained was statistically analysed using ANOVA and Chi square tests (as appropriate) using SPSS version 17.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of nicotine dependence in subjects with vascular dementia

Chandra

Anand

2015

Int J Res Med Sci

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INTRODUCTIONNicotine dependence has been known to contribute to cognitive decline in non-demented elderly, Alzheimer's disease as well as vascular dementia.1-4 Vascular dementia is the second most prevalent dementia 5,6 and the commonest type of preventable dementia. While several factors like hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, coronary artery disease and nicotine dependence 7 have been known to contribute to vascular dementia, it is nicotine use which is a completely preventable risk factor and should be a focus of clinical intervention as well as public health campaigns.Nicotine dependence has been postulated to increase the risk of vascular dementia through several mechanisms like by affecting blood coagulation mechanisms, causing atherosclerotic damage, and by increasing the likelihood of other vascular risk factors like hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and homocysteine level as well as silent infarcts and white matter hyperintensities. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] It also results in neuronal injury due to oxidative stress, ABSTRACT Background: Nicotine dependence is an important public health issue. Nicotine dependence is a risk factor for vascular diseases like myocardial infarction and vascular dementia. The rate of nicotine dependence in Indian subjects with vascular dementia is not known. Hence we decided to assess nicotine dependence in subjects with vascular dementia. Methods: Nicotine dependence in subjects with vascular dementia was assessed among subjects presenting to memory clinic of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 16 months. Data regarding sociodemographic profile and severity of nicotine dependence as per Fagerstrom nicotine dependence scale for smoking and smokeless tobacco was analysed using SPSS version 17. Results: Our study shows that in 159 subjects with vascular dementia continuing nicotine dependence was seen in nearly 12% of the subjects. Though the rates are less than the population prevalence for India, it is still relevant as nicotine is not just a risk factor for development of vascular dementia but severe nicotine dependence and longer duration of nicotine use were found to be poor prognostic factors associated with severe dementia. Further as all subjects continued to be nicotine dependent despite having been advised to quit tobacco, suggesting the need for a more comprehensive tobacco cessation intervention be offered to subjects with vascular dementia to improve outcomes. Conclusion: In subjects with vascular dementia continuing nicotine dependence is an important risk factor which must be addressed.

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“…Fagerstrom's test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to assess subjects' nicotine addiction levels [7,8].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Versus Basic Health Education for Tobacco Cessation among Tobacco Users: A Randomized Clinical Trail

Raja

Saha

Mohd

et al. 2014

JCDR

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Introduction: Tobacco is the greatest disease-producing product which is known to man and it is a primary cause of many oral diseases and adverse oral conditions. This study was conducted to bring the behavioural changes and to educate individuals about the harmful effects of tobacco. Method: Subjects reporting to the tobacco cessation centre of the Department of Public Health Dentistry and giving a history of tobacco consumption (smoking/smokeless) within past 30 day period were randomized into 2 groups: cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) group (study group) and Basic health education (BHE) group (control group). Baseline evaluation (of demographic parameters, smoking/ smokeless behaviour) was done and Fagerstrom's test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to assess subjects' nicotine addiction levels. Follow up was done at intervals of 2 weeks and 4 weeks to assess the reduction in the mean FTND score. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed (Paired and Unpaired t-test).Results: Of all the subjects who reported to the department, 40 subjects were recruited in the study. A majority of the subjects were males who belonged to rural areas, who had completed high school and most of them had consumed more than 10 sachets of pan masala daily, for an average of 10 years. In both CBT and BHE groups, significant reductions in mean Fagerstrom scores at 1st and 2nd follow ups from baseline and between 1st and 2nd follow ups were seen. But when both groups were compared, reductions in mean Fagerstrom scores were found to be more in CBT group than in BHE group at all time intervals, though it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Any intervention given to tobacco users from either CBT or BHE groups, helped the patients in quitting habit of tobacco.

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The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST)

Cited by 160 publications

References 17 publications

Effectiveness of Individual and Group Counseling for Cessation of Tobacco Habit Amongst Industrial Workers in Pimpri, Pune - An Interventional Study

Effectiveness of Individual and Group Counseling for Cessation of Tobacco Habit Amongst Industrial Workers in Pimpri, Pune - An Interventional Study

Assessment of nicotine dependence in subjects with vascular dementia

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Versus Basic Health Education for Tobacco Cessation among Tobacco Users: A Randomized Clinical Trail

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