The evolution of selective analyses of HDL and LDL cholesterol in clinical and point of care testing

Organic and printed electronics integration has the potential to revolutionise many technologies, including biomedical diagnostics. This work demonstrates the successful integration of multiple printed electronic functionalities into a single device capable of the measurement of hydrogen peroxide, and total cholesterol. The single-use device employed printed electrochemical sensors for hydrogen peroxide electroreduction integrated with printed electrochromic display and battery. The system was driven by a conventional electronic circuit designed to illustrate the complete integration of silicon ICs via pick and place, or using organic electronic circuits. The device was capable of measuring 8 µL samples of both hydrogen peroxide (0 to 5 mM, 2.72×10 -6 A.mM -1 ) and total cholesterol in serum from 0 to 9 mM (1.34×10 -8 A.mM -1 , r 2 =0.99, RSD <10%, n=3) which was output on a semi-quantitative linear bar display. The device could operate for 10 minutes via a printed battery and display the result for many hours or days. A mobile phone 'app' was also capable of reading the test result and transmitting this to a remote health care provider. Such a technology could allow improved management of conditions such as hypercholesterolemia.Printed electronics is being hailed as a technological revolution, equal in importance to the emergence of microelectronics over 50 years ago. The combined qualities of print-processable organic, inorganic and hybrid (semi)conductive materials which can be deposited onto flexible polymeric substrates using a range of additive, high throughput printing methodologies offer the prospect of low cost mass production capability and the potential for unprecedented levels of technological integration.

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“…35 Non-HDL-C is considered to be atherogenic and so is better than the separate measurement of LDL-C. 36 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Diagnostics Enabled by Integrated Organic and Printed Electronics

et al. 2017

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“…In recent years, many POCT biomedical diagnostic frameworks have been proposed [7]- [17]. Various POCT devices for both professional and consumer cholesterol measurements are available [18], [19]. For example, Cardiocheck PA detects the HDL results depending on a spectrophotometric strategy to mark the color change of the reflected light off an expendable test strip after applying blood test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone-Based Blood Lipid Data Acquisition for Cardiovascular Disease Management in Internet of Medical Things

Huang

Chen

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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With the ubiquitous deployment of smartphones worldwide recently, biomedical diagnostic devices based on smartphones are potential to be widely used for smart health management on the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications under point-of-care (PoC) settings. Therefore, this paper introduces one smartphone-based blood lipid data acquisition dongle to monitor blood lipid level, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), using only a fingertip blood drop for cardiovascular disease management. During detection, a thin photochemical test strip that consists of LEDs and detectors is plugged into the compact dongle, where changed color intensities will indicate the lipid determinant concentration from the measured reflection coefficient of the chromogenic product. Such smartphone-based photochemical blood lipid data acquisition dongle was validated by comparing with a clinical analyzer, and reached a correlation coefficient over 0.903 and averaged coefficient of variation (CV)% of 4.575% for blood lipid measurement of 115 patients. The photochemical dongle is, therefore, promising for the future chronic disease management in the IoMT.

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“…Coronary artery disease is the number one cause of death in all developed countries. Several studies have demonstrated the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases including arteriosclerosis is strongly correlated with high cholesterol (CHO) levels (Ahmadraji and Killard, 2013). Thus, the determination of CHO levels in food and blood has been increasingly important for clinical analysis/diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on bioinspired Au microflowers for ultra-trace cholesterol assay

Yang

Ding

et al. 2017

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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A novel imprinted sensor for ultra-trace cholesterol (CHO) detection based on electropolymerized aminothiophenol (ATP) molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with dopamine@graphene (DGr) and bioinspired Au microflowers has been developed in this work. As the specific recognition element, the bioinspired Au microflowers were formed by Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and wrapped by bionic polydopamine film (PDA) through electropolymerization method. These excellent biocompatible materials could capture the target CHO effectively. The morphology of the MIP modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The hydrogen-bonding interaction between templates and monomers was characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the sensor's linear response range was between 10 and 10 M, with a detection limit of 3.3×10 M, which was much more sensitive than most available CHO detection methods in previously reports. Moreover, the MIP sensor exhibited high sensitivity for CHO, low interference, and good stability. The human serum samples analysis confirmed the applicability of this MIP sensor to quantitative analysis of ultra-trace CHO.

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The evolution of selective analyses of HDL and LDL cholesterol in clinical and point of care testing

Cited by 10 publications

References 93 publications

Biomedical Diagnostics Enabled by Integrated Organic and Printed Electronics

Biomedical Diagnostics Enabled by Integrated Organic and Printed Electronics

Smartphone-Based Blood Lipid Data Acquisition for Cardiovascular Disease Management in Internet of Medical Things

Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on bioinspired Au microflowers for ultra-trace cholesterol assay

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