Biomedical Diagnostics Enabled by Integrated Organic and Printed Electronics

Abstract

Organic and printed electronics integration has the potential to revolutionise many technologies, including biomedical diagnostics. This work demonstrates the successful integration of multiple printed electronic functionalities into a single device capable of the measurement of hydrogen peroxide, and total cholesterol. The single-use device employed printed electrochemical sensors for hydrogen peroxide electroreduction integrated with printed electrochromic display and battery. The system was driven by a conventional electronic circuit designed to illustrate the complete integration of silicon ICs via pick and place, or using organic electronic circuits. The device was capable of measuring 8 µL samples of both hydrogen peroxide (0 to 5 mM, 2.72×10 -6 A.mM -1 ) and total cholesterol in serum from 0 to 9 mM (1.34×10 -8 A.mM -1 , r 2 =0.99, RSD <10%, n=3) which was output on a semi-quantitative linear bar display. The device could operate for 10 minutes via a printed battery and display the result for many hours or days. A mobile phone 'app' was also capable of reading the test result and transmitting this to a remote health care provider. Such a technology could allow improved management of conditions such as hypercholesterolemia.Printed electronics is being hailed as a technological revolution, equal in importance to the emergence of microelectronics over 50 years ago. The combined qualities of print-processable organic, inorganic and hybrid (semi)conductive materials which can be deposited onto flexible polymeric substrates using a range of additive, high throughput printing methodologies offer the prospect of low cost mass production capability and the potential for unprecedented levels of technological integration.

Electroanalysis moves towards paper-based printed electronics: carbon black nanomodified inkjet-printed sensor for ascorbic acid detection as a case study

“…To this regard, electroanalysis offers a useful strategy for the detection of several analytes due to its cost-effectiveness, miniaturization, and versatility [5,6]. The possibility to fabricate single devices consisting of several printed components, namely electroanalytical sensors, displays, and batteries, has been recently demonstrated by Killard et al for serum cholesterol detection using polyethylene napthalate as substrate [7]. An important step to improve the sustainability of the sensor platforms would be the replacement of polyethylene napthalate substrate with a paperbased substrate.…”

Printed batteries and conductive patterns in technical textiles

“…[2][3][4][5] Looking for printed electronics applications, on the one hand batteries are used for diagnostic devices, e.g., a battery system has been developed to power a cholesterol sensing device. [5][6][7][8] On the other hand, printed batteries are also deployable in flexible devices to increase optical attraction by driving organic LEDs (OLEDs) 9) or LEDs. 10) Furthermore, in parallel printed electronics are developed [11][12][13] that can partly be powered by printed batteries.…”

The potential of paper-based diagnostics to meet the ASSURED criteria

“…202 Examples of integrated exible devices include a connected electrochemical sensing platform resulting from a collaboration between Acreo AB and Linköping University, 195,201,203 a device to track micronutrient deciencies, 204 and a disposable system to measure hydrogen peroxide and total cholesterol, which is compatible with a mobile application for read-out of results. 205 Paper-based solutions of co-fabricated microuidics, electronics and batteries 32 and electrochromic readout for electrochemical sensing with on-board power 111 have been showcased, as well as connected paper-based temperature 206 and gas 207 sensors implemented on RFID wireless platforms. Paper-based piezoresistive pressure sensors combined with visual readout for medical applications such as measuring bandage compression, 208 and infant birth weight 209 have also been presented.…”