The Effects of Warm-up Duration on Cycling Time Trial Performance in Trained Cyclists

Bunn, Jennifer; Eschbach, L. C.; Magal, Meir; Wells, Elizabeth K.

doi:10.18276/cej.2017.1-01

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…8 In this study, it was found that a short, specific WU elicited similar physiological responses, perception of effort and subsequent sprint time-trial performance compared to a longer, more traditional approach. This is, in part, consistent with previous research acknowledging the potential for longerduration WUs to result in fatigue, 6,[8][9][10][11] while shorter WUs have been reported to enhance physiological and/or performance measures in rowing 6 and track cycling. 11 While the aforementioned study investigated WU approaches in sprint XC skiing, no research has been conducted to date on WU strategies prior to distance XC skiing.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

An Analysis of Warm-Up Strategies at a Cross-Country Skiing National Championship

Jones

Govus²,

Buskqvist³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: To provide a descriptive analysis of the warm-up (WU) strategies employed by cross-country skiers prior to distance and sprint competitions at a national championship and to compare the skiers’ planned and executed WUs prior to the respective competitions. Methods: Twenty-one national- and international-level skiers (11 women and 10 men) submitted WU plans prior to the distance and sprint competitions, and after the competitions, reported any deviations from the plans. Skiers used personal monitors to record heart rate (HR) during WU, races, and cooldown. Quantitative statistical analyses were conducted on WU durations, durations in HR-derived intensity zones, and WU loads. Qualitative analyses were conducted on skiers’ WU plans and their reasons for deviating from the plans. Results: Skiers’ planned WUs were similar in content and planned time in HR-derived intensity zones for both the distance and sprint competitions. However, 45% of the women and 20% of the men reported that their WU was not carried out as planned, with reasons detailed as being due to incorrect intensities and running out of time. WU activities including skiing across variable terrain, muscle-potentiating exercises, and heat-maintenance strategies were missing from the skiers’ planned routines. Conclusions: Skiers favored a long, traditional WU approach for both the sprint and distance events, performing less high-intensity and more moderate-intensity exercise during their WUs than planned. In addition, elements likely relevant to successful performance in cross-country skiing were missing from WU plans.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

An Analysis of Warm-Up Strategies at a Cross-Country Skiing National Championship

Jones

Govus²,

Buskqvist³

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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“…These studies proposed that a metabolic acidosis is necessary for the VO 2 response profile to be altered in the second exercise bout. But Koppo, Bouckaert [8] showed a prior sub maximal exercise similar the prior heavy exercise VO 2 response was reduced during the second bout of exercise [9]. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of prior (warm-up) exercise on pulmonary oxygen uptake at the end of sub maximal exercise in elite female futsal players.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Influence of Warm-Up Intensity on Submaximal Exercise Oxygen Uptake in Iranian Female National Futsal Players

Nejad¹

2018

JPFMTS

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of warm-up intensity on total oxygen uptake and VO 2 kinetics (time constants) during submaximal exercise in the Iranian national female futsall player's. The participants of this study were ten Players of Iranian futsal national team (mean±SD: age, 22.5±3.2yrs; weight, 56.04±6.17kg; height, 163±3.68cm; body fat%, 23.5±3.8; BMI, 21.07±2.22kg/m 2 ; VO 2 max, 46.05±4.61 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ). After measuring of VO 2 max and LT in first session, the subjects performed two protocols of warm up (moderate and heavy intensity) and one protocol with-out warm up before sub maximal exercise (80%LT) in three separated sessions. Respiratory gas exchange measured by Gas Analyzer during the exercise. Repeated measures ANOVA and LSD test were applied for statistical analysis. Total oxygen uptakes were not significant difference after three conditions. After moderate and heavy warm up, third time constants significantly reduced in compare to without warm-up (p<0/05). Also oxygen uptake/time ratio in third time constants significantly increased after moderate and heavy warm up respect to without warm-up (p<0/05). The results suggest that warm up causes reducing the time of reaching to steady state of O 2 uptake in sub maximal exercise and this effect is independent to warm up intensity.

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Warming Up Before a 20-Minute Endurance Effort: Is It Really Worth It?

Barranco-Gil¹,

Alejo²,

Gil-Cabrera³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: To analyze the effects of different warm-up protocols on endurance-cycling performance from an integrative perspective (by assessing perceptual, neuromuscular, physiological, and metabolic variables). Methods: Following a randomized crossover design, 15 male cyclists (35 [9] y; peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak] 66.4 [6.8] mL·kg−1·min−1) performed a 20-minute cycling time trial (TT) preceded by no warm-up, a standard warm-up (10 min at 60% of VO2peak), or a warm-up that was intended to induce potentiation postactivation (PAP warm-up; 5 min at 60% of VO2peak followed by three 10-s all-out sprints). Study outcomes were jumping ability and heart-rate variability (both assessed at baseline and before the TT), TT performance (mean power output), and perceptual (rating of perceived exertion) and physiological (oxygen uptake, muscle oxygenation, heart-rate variability, blood lactate, and thigh skin temperature) responses during and after the TT. Results: Both standard and PAP warm-up (9.7% [4.7%] and 12.9% [6.5%], respectively, P < .001), but not no warm-up (−0.9% [4.8%], P = .074), increased jumping ability and decreased heart-rate variability (−7.9% [14.2%], P = .027; −20.3% [24.7%], P = .006; and −1.7% [10.5%], P = .366). Participants started the TT (minutes 0–3) at a higher power output and oxygen uptake after PAP warm-up compared with the other 2 protocols (P < .05), but no between-conditions differences were found overall for the remainder of outcomes (P > .05). Conclusions: Compared with no warm-up, warming up enhanced jumping performance and sympathetic modulation before the TT, and the inclusion of brief sprints resulted in a higher initial power output during the TT. However, no warm-up benefits were found for overall TT performance or for perceptual or physiological responses during the TT.

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The Effects of Warm-up Duration on Cycling Time Trial Performance in Trained Cyclists

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

An Analysis of Warm-Up Strategies at a Cross-Country Skiing National Championship

An Analysis of Warm-Up Strategies at a Cross-Country Skiing National Championship

Influence of Warm-Up Intensity on Submaximal Exercise Oxygen Uptake in Iranian Female National Futsal Players

Warming Up Before a 20-Minute Endurance Effort: Is It Really Worth It?

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