The effects of shoulder plyometric training on proprioception and selected muscle performance characteristics

Swanik, Kathleen A.; Lephart, Scott M.; Swanik, C. Buz; Lephart, Susan P.; Stone, David A.; Fu, Freddie H.

doi:10.1067/mse.2002.127303

Cited by 183 publications

(149 citation statements)

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“…Two main aspects should be taken into account during strength training: a specific muscle-force level and the force balance among muscles that act on the same joint. 3,6 Shoulder-joint stability is the result of passive and dynamic components. 7 The bone geometry, relative intraarticular pressure, glenohumeral labrum, and capsuloligamentous structures are passive components, 4 whereas dynamic components are provided by contractile muscle activity coordinated around the joint and modulated by the neuromuscular system.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Strength Training and Shoulder Proprioception

Salles

Velasques

Cossich

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context: Proprioception is essential to motor control and joint stability during daily and sport activities. Recent studies demonstrated that athletes have better joint position sense (JPS) when compared with controls matched for age, suggesting that physical training could have an effect on proprioception.Objective: To evaluate the result of an 8-week strengthtraining program on shoulder JPS and to verify whether using training intensities that are the same or divergent for the shoulder's dynamic-stabilizer muscles promote different effects on JPS.Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: We evaluated JPS in a research laboratory and conducted training in a gymnasium.Patients or Other Participants: A total of 90 men, right handed and asymptomatic, with no history of any type of injury or shoulder instability.Intervention(s): For 8 weeks, the participants performed the strength-training program 3 sessions per week. We used 4 exercises (bench press, lat pull down, shoulder press, and seated row), with 2 sets each.Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured shoulder JPS acuity by calculating the absolute error.Results: We found an interaction between group and time. To examine the interaction, we conducted two 1-way analyses of variance comparing groups at each time. The groups did not differ at pretraining; however, a difference among groups was noted posttraining.Conclusions: Strength training using exercises at the same intensity produced an improvement in JPS compared with exercises of varying intensity, suggesting that the former resulted in improvements in the sensitivity of muscle spindles and, hence, better neuromuscular control in the shoulder.Key Words: joint position sense, neuromuscular control, muscle spindles Key PointsImprovements in joint position sense can be attained via standard strength-training exercises. Performing resistance exercises at consistent intensity rather than varying intensity resulted in better proprioception performance.

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“…[1][2][3] According to Myers and Lephart,4 the rotator cuff, deltoid, biceps, teres major, latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis major muscles are responsible for providing shoulder stabilization. Inman et al 5 were the first to state that the coactivation force of the shoulder's dynamic stabilizers provides the joint stability.…”

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confidence: 99%

Strength Training and Shoulder Proprioception

Salles

Velasques

Cossich

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

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“…Estudos revelam que o controle neuromuscular reativo é alcançado através de exercícios que gerem situações inesperadas, como perturbações em superfícies instáveis em apoio unipodal e durante a marcha, assim como exercícios de estabilizações rítmicas, através do conceito de facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva, podem ser utilizados para melhorar o controle reativo muscular, além de melhoras na estabilidade articular 24 .…”

Section: Nossos Resultados Corroboram Com O Trabalho De Baldaço Et Alunclassified

Efeito do treinamento proprioceptivo no equilíbrio de atletas de ginástica rítmica

Lamb

Oliveira

Tano

et al. 2014

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOIntrodução: A ginástica rítmica (GR) é uma modalidade esportiva que combina arte a gestos biomecânicos de alta complexidade, que requer alto nível de desenvolvimento de qualidades físicas como: agilidade, flexibilidade, força, impulsão e destreza. Nessa modalidade, estudos comprovam que as lesões mais frequentes ocorrem nas articulações do joelho e tornozelo e, em alguns casos, nas extremidades do punho, sendo os entorses as mais registradas, principalmente em atletas de nível de competição. Diante disso, a propriocepção e o controle muscular possuem papel fundamental na estabilidade articular dinâmica, já que após lesões ortopédicas algumas características sensório--motoras são alteradas e devem ser o foco de programas de reabilitação para que se obtenha melhor retorno às atividades como antes da lesão. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do treinamento proprioceptivo sobre o equilíbrio postural de atletas de ginástica rítmica, a partir da utilização da plataforma de força. Métodos: Foi realizado um treinamento proprioceptivo no período de 2 meses, subdividido em três fases, com progressão da complexidade dos exercícios a cada fase de treinamento. Resultados: Podemos observar que houve uma melhora significativa dos resultados da última fase do treinamento, quando foram utilizados exercícios de maior complexidade e agilidade, de acordo com o protocolo. Conclusão: Por se tratarem de atletas de GR de alto desempenho e apresentarem predomínio de atividades em apoio unipodal, os protocolos de propriocepção devem ser mais intensos, gerando um maior nível de perturbações e desequilíbrios posturais. Palavras-chave:propriocepção, atletas, equilíbrio postural. ABSTRACT Introduction: Rhythmic gymnastics (RG) is a sport that combines art with biomechanical gestures of high complexity, which requires a high level of development of physical qualities such as agility, flexibility, strength, impulsion and dexterity. In this modality, studies show that the most frequent injuries occur in the knee and ankle joints, and in some cases in the ends of the wrist

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“…These specific demands can successfully reproduced by performing shoulder plyometric exercises, and if a diminishing in amortization time enhances involuntary muscle activity, it will allow for greater muscle recruitment and usage of stored elastic energy. Increased neuromuscular proficiency and coordinated muscle firing may diminish the onset of exhaustion and help with dynamic restraint and functional stability [14]. The plyometric group's improvement in torque decrement may attribute to the relatively high repetitions performed during training that increased muscle coordination and productivity, resulting in the maintenance of torque production rise as the angular velocity increments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This kind of practice performed for shoulder strength training. However, on account of the different levels of force related with plyometrics, and additionally the critical impacts these activities have on proprioception and muscle execution, it is sensible that plyometrics could likewise be advantageous if actualized in the before phases of shoulder restoration [14]. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of isokinetic training and plyometric training in terms of: 1) shoulder proprioceptive sense 2) shoulder external to internal rotators strength ratio (ER concentric/ IR concentric ratio).…”

Section: Samah Attia El Shemy Kadrya Hosny Battecha Effect Of Isokimentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Isokinetic Versus Plyometric Training on Shoulder Proprioception and External to Internal Rotators Strength Ratio in Swimmer Children

Shemy¹,

Battecha²

2017

IJPR

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Background: Many exercise protocols intended to enhance kinesthetic awareness and muscular performance, however more investigations need to be directed to the restoration of muscular imbalances.Objective: To compare the impacts of isokinetic training and plyometric training of the rotator cuff muscles on shoulder proprioception and isokinetic strength ratios.Materials and Methods: Seventy five swimmer boys randomly assigned to three equal-sized groups: control group (A) had no strength training, study group (B) received isokinetic training and study group (C) received plyometric training for the rotator cuff muscles. Pre-post testing measurements included: kinesthetic measurements at 45° of internal rotation, 45° external rotation and 75° external rotation; and concentric external/ internal rotation strength ratios at angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s using a Biodex System 3 isokinetic dynamometer. The test procedure performed before and after the training period of eight weeks.Results: Both training groups showed pre-posttest significant differences in all measured variables with nonsignificant changes in the control group. When comparing the post-treatment results in both training groups, the isokinetic group showed the most significant improvement in the strength ratio. However, no significant differences in kinesthetic awareness found between both training groups. Conclusion:Isokinetic strengthening is the most effective strategy of adjusting strength ratios of the rotator cuff muscles. Moreover, both isokinetic and plyometric training enhanced kinesthetic awareness, neither technique was superior.

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The effects of shoulder plyometric training on proprioception and selected muscle performance characteristics

Cited by 183 publications

References 29 publications

Strength Training and Shoulder Proprioception

Strength Training and Shoulder Proprioception

Efeito do treinamento proprioceptivo no equilíbrio de atletas de ginástica rítmica

Effect of Isokinetic Versus Plyometric Training on Shoulder Proprioception and External to Internal Rotators Strength Ratio in Swimmer Children

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