[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the effect of auditory rhythmic cueing on
gross motor skills in children with autism. [Participants and Methods] A total of 30
autistic children aged 8–10 years with mild to moderate autistic features participated in
this study. They were randomly allocated to either the control group (n=15), which
underwent a specially designed physical therapy program, or the study group (n=15), which
underwent the same program in addition to gait training with rhythmic auditory
stimulation. To provide rhythmic auditory stimulation, combination of a metronome beat set
to the child’s cadence and rhythmic cueing from the MIDI Cuebase musical program was used.
Both groups received 3 sessions per week for 3 months. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of
Motor Proficiency 2nd Edition was used to assess gross motor skills at baseline and after
3 months of intervention. [Results] The study found statistically significant improvements
in bilateral coordination, balance, running speed and agility, and strength in both groups
after treatment. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences between the 2
groups, with the study group showing better improvement in all outcome measures.
[Conclusion] Gait training with auditory rhythmic cueing elicited a positive effect on the
gross motor skills of children with autism.
Addition of core stability exercises to the treatment program can effectively improve the endurance time of trunk muscles and gait in children with hemiplegic CP.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of treadmill training with eyes open (TEO) and closed (TEC) on the knee joint position sense (JPS), functional balance and mobility in children with spastic diplegia.MethodsForty-five children with spastic diplegia aged 11–13 years participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to three groups of equal number. The control group (CON) underwent designed physical therapy program whereas, the study groups (TEO and TEC) underwent the same program, in addition to treadmill gait training with eyes open and closed, respectively. Outcome measures were the degree of knee joint position error, functional balance and mobility. Measurements were taken before and after 12 weeks of intervention.ResultsAfter training, the three groups showed statistically significant improvement in all measured outcomes, compared to the baseline with non-significant change in the knee JPS in the CON group. When comparing posttreatment results, the TEC group showed greater significant improvement in all measured outcomes, than the TEO and CON groups.ConclusionTreadmill training with eyes open and closed is effective in rehabilitation of children with diplegia, but blocked vision treadmill training has more beneficial effect.
PurposeTo compare the effects of intra-anal biofeedback (BF) and intra-anal electrical stimulation (ES) on pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) activity, nocturnal bladder capacity, and frequency of wet night episodes in children with refractory primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE).MethodsNinety children of both sexes aged 8–12 years with refractory PMNE participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups of equal number: control group (CON) that underwent behavioral therapy and PFM training, and 2 study groups (BF and ES) that underwent the same program in addition to intra-anal BF training and intra-anal ES, respectively. PFMs activity was assessed using electromyography, nocturnal bladder capacity was evaluated by measuring the first morning voided volume, and a nocturnal enuresis diary was used for documenting wet night episodes before treatment and after 3 months of treatment.ResultsAfter training, all groups showed statistically significant improvements in all measured outcomes compared to their pretreatment findings. The ES group showed significantly greater improvements in all measured outcomes than the CON and BF groups.ConclusionsBoth intra-anal BF training and ES combined with behavioral therapy and PFMs training were effective in the treatment of PMNE, with intra-anal ES being superior to BF training.
Background: Obesity is linked to metabolic disorders that result in tissue damage and malfunction. In addition to impairing immunity, obesity is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. Objective: The aim of the current study is to assess the effect of treadmill training on immunoglobulin G and C-reactive protein (CRP), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in obese adolescents' girls. Patients and methods: A total of 60 obese adolescent girls were selected from National Nutrition Institute aged from 12 to 18 years old. All girls were randomly assigned into two groups. Control group included 30 girls who received diet control therapy only. Study group included 30 girls who received treadmill gait training (3 sessions/per week) in addition to diet control therapy. All girls in both groups were assessed before and after three successive months as Immunoglobulin G and CRP were measured using blood analysis, BMI calculated by weight in kilograms (Kg) divided by the girls' height in meter squared (m 2 ) while waist circumference by Graduated measuring tape. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in IgG level, and a statistically significant decrease in CRP, BMI and WC in both groups; these changes were more in the study than the control, but there was no statistically significant difference in IgG, CRP, BMI and WC when comparing post-treatment results of both groups. Conclusion: Treadmill gait training is an effective modality that can be used in the rehabilitation program in obese adolescents for improving their immune functions and reducing inflammatory reactions.
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