Effect of Isokinetic Versus Plyometric Training on Shoulder Proprioception and External to Internal Rotators Strength Ratio in Swimmer Children

Abstract

Background: Many exercise protocols intended to enhance kinesthetic awareness and muscular performance, however more investigations need to be directed to the restoration of muscular imbalances.Objective: To compare the impacts of isokinetic training and plyometric training of the rotator cuff muscles on shoulder proprioception and isokinetic strength ratios.Materials and Methods: Seventy five swimmer boys randomly assigned to three equal-sized groups: control group (A) had no strength training, study group (B) received isokinetic training and study group (C) received plyometric training for the rotator cuff muscles. Pre-post testing measurements included: kinesthetic measurements at 45° of internal rotation, 45° external rotation and 75° external rotation; and concentric external/ internal rotation strength ratios at angular velocities of 60°/s and 180°/s using a Biodex System 3 isokinetic dynamometer. The test procedure performed before and after the training period of eight weeks.Results: Both training groups showed pre-posttest significant differences in all measured variables with nonsignificant changes in the control group. When comparing the post-treatment results in both training groups, the isokinetic group showed the most significant improvement in the strength ratio. However, no significant differences in kinesthetic awareness found between both training groups. Conclusion:Isokinetic strengthening is the most effective strategy of adjusting strength ratios of the rotator cuff muscles. Moreover, both isokinetic and plyometric training enhanced kinesthetic awareness, neither technique was superior.