The effects of dietary L-carnitine and rumen-protected choline on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood and rumen metabolites of Holstein Young bulls

Hajilou, Mehran; Dehghan-Banadaky, M.; Zali, A.; Rezayazdi, K.

doi:10.1080/09712119.2013.822807

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The values of ultrasound fat measurements (Figure 1) revealed that HSed goats had lower s.c. fat thickness compared to TN (−0.72 vs. +0.64 mm; p < 0.05). L-carnitine supplementation did not affect s.c. fat mobilization in accordance with the results of Hajilou et al [28], who detected no changes in s.c. fat in finishing bulls supplemented with L-carnitine. In addition, BW variation and ultrasound measurements were positively correlated ( r = 0.54), indicating that HSed goats in negative energy balance would mobilize body fat.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Lactational Responses of Heat-Stressed Dairy Goats to Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation

Mehaba¹,

Salama²,

Such³

et al. 2019

Animals

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Heat stress causes significant losses in milk production, and nutritional strategies are needed to alleviate its effects. Endogenous carnitine synthesis is also reduced by heat stress (HS). Carnitine plays a central role in fatty acid oxidation and buffers the toxic effects of acyl groups. We hypothesized that carnitine supplementation would make up for any carnitine deficiencies during HS and improve lipid metabolism. The objective was to evaluate rumen-protected L-carnitine (CAR) supplementation in dairy goats under thermo-neutral (TN) or HS conditions. Four Murciano-Granadina dairy goats were used in a four × four Latin square design. Goats were allocated to one of four treatments in a two × two factorial arrangement. Factors were 1) diet: control (CON) or supplementation with CAR (1 g/d); and 2) ambient conditions: TN (15 to 20 °C) or HS (0900 to 2100 h at 35 °C, 2100 to 0900 h at 28 °C). Blood free-, acetyl-, and total-carnitine concentrations increased almost three times by supplementation. Despite this efficient absorption, CAR had no effect on feed intake, milk production or blood metabolites in TN or HS conditions. Heat stress increased rectal temperature and respiratory rate. Additionally, HS goats experienced 26% loss in feed intake, but they tended to eat longer particle sizes. Compared to TN, heat-stressed goats lost more subcutaneous fat (difference in fat thickness measured before and after each period = −0.72 vs. +0.64 mm). In conclusion, supplemented L-carnitine was efficiently absorbed, but it had no lactational effects on performance of goats under thermo-neutral or heat stress conditions.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Lactational Responses of Heat-Stressed Dairy Goats to Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation

Mehaba¹,

Salama²,

Such³

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…As a result, there was no significant difference on the BWG among treatment groups, although the consumption of DM feed in the group supplemented with choline chloride was higher than that of T0, and the DM feed consumption increased in line with the increased of the supplementation level of the choline chloride. The findings support previous study which reported that rumen-protected choline (RPC) supplements cannot affect growth performance in Holstein young bulls, but lipid metabolism may be affected by RPC (Hajilou et al, 2014).…”

Section: Sperm Concentrationsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Effect of Choline Chloride Supplementation on the Reproductive Performance of Simmental Bulls Fed Protected Protein in the Ration

et al. 2020

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SOYXYL supplementation as a source of high-quality protected protein in rumen (Rumen Protected Protein) has proven to improve reproduction performance of bulls. The SOYXYL is an extrusion product of soybean (Glycine max) as a source of rumen protected protein. The potential of the protein supplementation is maximally expressed when it is supported by sufficient of metabolic rate. In this case the choline chloride supplementation increases the metabolic rate. The aim of the research was to analyze the effect of choline chloride supplementation on reproduction performance and hematologic status related to reproduction performance of bulls fed protected protein in the ration. The materials used were 12 bulls aged 5 years having weight of 700 ± 2.75 kg that were divided into 4 treatment groups, each of which consisted of 3 heads. The treatments applied were T0 (control): ration (grass + commercial concentrate) + protected protein supplement “SOYXYL”; T1: control + choline chloride 0.145% dry matter (DM) concentrate/head/day; T2: control + choline chloride 0.290% DM concentrate/head/day; T3: control + choline chloride 0.435% DM concentrate/head/day. Variables measured were nutrient consumption, blood lipid status, blood protein status, and reproduction performance. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in a completely randomized design and statistically processed using SAS program. The result showed that choline chloride supplementation by 0.435% from DM concentrate increased (p<0.05) the concentration of blood plasma protein, blood testosterone hormone, sperm concentration, and sperm motility from 6.44 g/dL, 4.66 ng/mL, 1006.74 million/mL, and 36.00%, respectively, in T0 to be 8.57 g/dL, 9.07 ng/ml, 1270.41 million/mL, and 70.00% in T3, respectively. The choline chloride supplementation up to 0.435% from DM concentrate to bulls supplemented with protected protein containing in the ration increased reproduction performance.

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“…In these studies, it was shown that when the animals approach to mature weights, the response to the nutrient is lower. Response to RPC was also reduced as the animal approaches mature weight (33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Calf Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of a Polyherbal Mixture in Dairy Calves: Growth Performance and Gene Expression

et al. 2021

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A polyherbal feed mixture containing (Achyrantes aspera, Trachyspermum ammi, Citrullus colocynthis, Andrographis paniculata, and Azadirachta indica) was evaluated in growing calves through blood chemistry, blood biometry, and gene expression during the pre-ruminant to weaning period. Forty Holstein calves (initial BW 45.6 ± 3.2 kg; 22.8 ± 0.9 days post birth) from a dairy farm were randomly assigned to the following treatments: 0, 3, 4, and 5 g/d of a polyherbal mixture, dosed in colloid gels with gelatin. Calves were housed in individual outdoor boxes with ad libitum access to a 21.5% CP calf starter and water and fed individually with a mixture of milk and a non-medicated milk replacer (22% CP). Blood samples were collected on day 59 for blood chemistry, blood biometry, and gene expression analysis in leukocyte through microarray assays. Immunoglobulins were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The animals treated with the polyherbal mixture showed a quadratic effect on final body weight, daily weight gain, final hip height, and final thoracic girth. The best performance results were obtained with a treatment dose of 4 g/d. The serum IgG increased linearly with the treatment doses. Gene set enrichment analysis of upregulated genes revealed that the three biological processes with higher fold change were tight junction, mucin type O-Glycan biosynthesis, and intestinal immune network for IgA production. Also, these upregulated genes influenced arachidonic acid metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that the pathways enriched were PELP1 estrogen receptor interacting protein pathways, nuclear receptors in lipid metabolism and toxicity, tight junction, ECM-receptor interaction, thyroid hormone signaling pathways, vascular smooth muscle contraction, ribosome function, glutamatergic synapse pathway, focal adhesion, Hippo, calcium, and MAPK signaling pathways.

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The effects of dietary L-carnitine and rumen-protected choline on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood and rumen metabolites of Holstein Young bulls

Cited by 8 publications

References 33 publications

Lactational Responses of Heat-Stressed Dairy Goats to Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation

Lactational Responses of Heat-Stressed Dairy Goats to Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation

The Effect of Choline Chloride Supplementation on the Reproductive Performance of Simmental Bulls Fed Protected Protein in the Ration

Influence of a Polyherbal Mixture in Dairy Calves: Growth Performance and Gene Expression

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