The effect of vehicle weight on the distribution of compaction with depth and the yield of Lolium/Trifolium grassland

Jorajuría, D.; Draghi, L.; Aragón, Alán Rivero

doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(96)01085-9

Cited by 61 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This discontinuity was significant at the 95% confidence interval and analogous with the results found for drainage pore space. These results coincide with observations made by Jorajuria et al (1997) and Pagliai et al (2004) for conventional deep tillage systems. Table 2 lists the average field saturated hydraulic conductivities measured at three depths (15 cm, 30 cm and 45 cm) using a ring infiltrometer, together with their minimum and maximum values (n = 18).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The soil physical characteristics that allow identification of subsoil compaction and the existence of a plow sole (Jorajuria et al, 1997) were measured at the experimental site. Forty undisturbed soil samples were taken using standard sharpened steel 100-cm 3 Kopecky rings at different depths (0-5 cm, 15-20 cm, 25-30 cm, 32-37 cm, 37-42 cm, 43-48 cm, 70-75 cm and 90-95 cm) at 25 m intervals along the slope transect to determine soil texture, bulk density, the soil water retention curve and the drainage pore space, defined as part of the total pore space (% pores >50 mm) which will drain when the matric head is equal to or higher than À60 cm water head (pF 1.78).…”

Section: Soil and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of a compacted plow sole on saturation excess runoff

Verbist

Cornelis

Schiettecatte

et al. 2007

Soil and Tillage Research

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Subsoil compaction due to conventional tillage techniques and its relation to subsurface flow and runoff was investigated on a sloped field. The presence of a plow sole was confirmed by significantly higher penetration resistances between 20 and 40 cm depth, a significantly higher soil bulk density and a 14% decrease in drainage pore space compared to the top layer. Ring infiltrometer measurements also confirmed a significant reduction of the saturated hydraulic conductivity at 30 cm depth, indicating a limited permeability. With the use of an extensive grid of tensiometers, matric heads were monitored and the occurrence of a temporary water table on top of the plow sole was confirmed in a number of cases. Equipotential lines in the top saturated layer indicated the occurrence of subsurface flow parallel to the slope surface in a downward direction. For the whole measuring period, when a perched water table was observed, 91% of the rainfall events caused runoff and this number increased with increasing rainfall intensity. For low and medium rainfall intensities (<10 mm h À1 ), 66% and 63% of the runoff events were related to saturation of the top soil. Therefore, it was concluded that over a period of 20 months saturation excess runoff as a result of subsoil compaction was an important contributor to surface runoff and soil loss. #

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Soil and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of a compacted plow sole on saturation excess runoff

Verbist

Cornelis

Schiettecatte

et al. 2007

Soil and Tillage Research

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“…For HT the grain yield reductions were from 18 to 38% under normal weather conditions. Taking 2008 as the base year for wheat yield (control plot: 1,100 kg ha -1 ), HT decreased this by approximately 18, 22.0, 30 and 38% for H1, H3 H5 and H7 respectively, and these agree approximately with those presented by Botta et al (2004) and Jorajuria et al (1997).…”

Section: Effect On Wheat Yieldssupporting

confidence: 80%

Traffic effect on soil compaction and yields of wheat in Spain

Tolón‐Becerra¹,

Bravo²,

Botta³

et al. 2011

Span J Agric Res

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The general objective of this paper was to quantify the changes in the physical properties of an Aridisol soil and the effect on wheat yield due to agricultural tractors traffic in the Vélez Blanco District, Almería Spain. Parameters measured were cone index (CI) in the 0-600 mm depth profile, bulk density (BD) and rut depth; the variable wheat yields (WY) was measured too. The traffic treatments applied were: 0 (control plot), 1, 3, 5, and 7 tractor passes in the same tracks. Each experimental plot was trafficked with two tractors, one light (60 kN) and one heavy (80 kN). In topsoil (0-200 mm), up to five passes of the heavy (HT) and light tractors (LT), as in one and three passes, the BD and CI values responded to the ground pressure being higher in absolute value for LT. For the 200 to 400 mm depth range HT caused higher CI (1,570 to 2,200 kPa) and BD (1.38 to 1.68 Mg m -3 ) values than LT. Eight months later, WY was evaluated in tractor's track areas and decreases in the range of 18-38%, were measured. For seven passes the applications of total loads of 80 and 60 kN increased BD up to 1.5 Mg m -3 at depths of 200-600 mm. Although soil had high bulk density prior to traffic treatments, a significant increment of subsoil compaction still occurred due to the high traffic intensities applied.Additional key words: axle load; bulk density; cone index; rut depth. ResumenEfectos del tráfico del tractor sobre la distribución de la compactación del suelo y los rendimientos de trigo en EspañaEl objetivo general del estudio fue cuantificar los cambios producidos en las propiedades físicas de un suelo Aridisol y los efectos sobre el rendimiento del trigo debido al tráfico de tractores agrícolas en Vélez Blanco, Almería, España. Los parámetros analizados fueron índice de cono (IC) a una profundidad de 0-600 mm, densidad aparente (DA) y profundidad de huella; también se analizó la variable rendimiento del trigo (RT). Los tratamientos de tráfico aplicados fueron: cero (parcela testigo), y uno, tres, cinco, y siete pasadas de tractor sobre la misma huella. En cada parcela experimental se utilizaron dos tractores, uno ligero (60 kN) y uno pesado (80 kN). En el horizonte superficial (0-200 mm), hasta las cinco pasadas de los tractores pesados (TP) y ligeros (TL), los valores de DA y de IC respondieron a la presión en el área de contacto, siendo más alto en valor absoluto para TL cuando pasó una y tres veces. Para el rango de profundidad 200-400 mm, TP causó valores más altos de IC (1.570 a 2.200 kPa) y DA (1,38 a 1,68 Mg m -3 ) que TL. RT se evaluó ocho meses después sobre el área pisada, observándose una disminución en un rango de 18-38%. Las cargas totales aplicadas de 80 y 60 kN, con siete pasadas, aumentaron DA hasta 1,5 Mg m -3 en el rango 200-600 mm. A pesar de que el suelo presentó una alta DA antes de aplicar los tratamientos, se observó un incremento significativo de la compactación del subsuelo por las altas intensidades de tráfico aplicadas.Palabras clave adicionales: carga en el eje; índice de cono; profund...

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“…É interessante observar que esse efeito se localizou especialmente na camada de 5-25 cm de profundidade, a exemplo do que foi obtido por Nugent et al (2003), os quais verificaram maior aumento da RP pelo tráfego de um "forwarder" na profundidade de 10-30 cm, atribuindo esse efeito ao fato de esta camada de solo estar mais consolidada estruturalmente. De acordo com outros pesquisadores, o peso da máquina é o fator principal que determina a profundidade onde a compactação do solo será maior, independentemente da pressão aplicada na sua superfície (Jorajuria et al, 1997;Jorajuria & Draghi, 2000). A passagem do implemento na mesma entrelinha por 4, 8 e 12 vezes ocasionou aumentos da RP, a 10 cm de profundidade, de 5,6; 4,7 e 7,5 vezes, respectivamente, em relação à testemunha não-compactada (0 passada).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…O tráfego repetido em uma mesma área provoca danos à estrutura do solo, com conseqüente redução no rendimento tanto no primeiro ano de produção como nos anos posteriores (Håkansson & Reeder, 1994;Lal, 1996;Jorajuria et al, 1997). Durante a retirada de madeira de povoamentos florestais, as máquinas trafegam numa mesma linha várias vezes, o que pode causar a compactação do solo e, como conseqüência, facilitar o processo erosivo e dificultar o crescimento de raízes.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified