The Effect of Smoke Cigarette on Immune Responses of Allergic Rhinitis Patients

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the most widely distributed diseases of upper respiratory tract. The disease is involved many immunological activities and any changes in this system can increase the risk of allergic rhinitis. The disease is also affected by some environmental agents such as dust house, mites, pollens, animal danders and cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on different immune system of patients suffered from allergic rhinitis divided in two groups as cigarette and non cigarette smokers to find whether these patients are more sensitive to cigarette smoke than others and this may aggravate allergies. This analytic descriptive study was conducted on 632 allergic rhinitis patients aged between 17 to 69 years olds referred to the hospitals of Zahedan city from 2005 to 2012. Complete blood cell count such as WBCs, RBCs, lymphocytes, Hb, the amount of serum IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4 levels and total serum IgE of patients were measured using a commercial SRID and nephelometry methods. The significant differences in obtained results were evaluated by ÷2statistical test and SPSS software. The results indicated that low number of neutrophils, and low amount of IgA and IgM were found in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Increased number of WBCs, RBCs, lymphocytes and increased level of Hb, serum IgG, IgE, C3, C4, were found in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Significant correlation between all indices of smokers and nonsmokers individuals were observed (P value 0.01). Study results indicated that cigarette smoking is a risk factor for the development of allergic rhinitis and changing in variety immune responses, have a role in pathogenicity of disease.

Cigarette Smoking and Skin Prick Test in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis

“…This result is consistent with studies of Hosseini et al and Saleh et al ( 18 , 19 ). Furthermore, our study showed that gender and smoking were related to the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among male patients and this result is also consistent with other studies ( 2 , 22 - 25 ). However, it is inconsistent with the study of Eriksson J et al ( 15 ), in which the prevalence of chronic rhinitis was high whereas the prevalence of allergic rhinitis was low in male cigarette smokers.…”

“…They also reported that prevalence of chronic rhinitis was the lowest in nonsmokers and highest in heavy smokers and prevalence of sensitization to common airborne allergens was lower in current smokers compared to nonsmokers. More recently a study examined the relationship between allergic rhinitis among smokers and nonsmokers and their findings suggest that cigarette smoking is associated with allergic rhinitis ( 2 ).…”

“…Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is usually defined as the presence of at least one or more of the symptoms of congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal obstruction ( 1 , 2 ). The disease is an Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated reaction of Th2-type T cell response ( 3 , 4 ).…”

Skin prick test results in patients with chronic allergic rhinitis: Housewives are risky occupational group for the development of allergic rhinitis due to house dust mites

“…[1] Allergic rhinitis (AR), defined as the presence of at least one or more of the symptoms of sneezing, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea and obstruction, is one of the major forms of allergy affecting approximately 20% of population. [2,3] The diagnosis of AR generally depends on the clinical characteristics of the disease, laboratory tests such as prick tests and response to pharmacotherapy. [4] The symptoms of AR may deteriorate the life quality of patients and create an economical burden.…”

Hatha Yoga Effect on Airway Resistances of Tobacco Smokers with Allergic Rhinitis

“…The disease is predominantly associated with exposure to some aeroallergens like cigarette smoking [1]. Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is usually defined as the presence of at least one or more of the symptoms of congestion, rhino rhea, sneezing, nasal itching, and nasal obstruc¬tion [2,3]. The disease is an Immunoglobulin E (IgE) medi¬ated reaction of Th2-type T cell response [4,5].…”