The effect of rising and sitting trot on back movements and head‐neck position of the horse

Abstract

The back movement during rising trot showed characteristics of both sitting trot and the unloaded condition. As the same maximal extension of the back is reached during rising and sitting trot, there is no reason to believe that rising trot was less challenging for the back.

A comparison of rein tension of the rider's dominant and non-dominant hand and the influence of the horse's laterality

“…Balanced horses are equally flexible on both reins 25 , whereas asymmetric horses load their limbs unevenly, thus being at higher risk of injury 23,30 . However, the weight of the rider has been proved to create asymmetry of gait to some extent [48][49][50] . In particular during rising trot, horses show a greater degree of lateral bend than in a natural trot sequence without a rider 50 .…”

“…However, the weight of the rider has been proved to create asymmetry of gait to some extent [48][49][50] . In particular during rising trot, horses show a greater degree of lateral bend than in a natural trot sequence without a rider 50 . In total, the load on the left fore/right hind sitting diagonal is larger than that of the opposite sitting diagonal 48 .…”

Electromyography activity of the equine splenius muscle and neck kinematics during walk and trot on the treadmill

“…De Cocq et al . (2009) found that the flexion‐extension angles of C1 without a rider had a larger range than with the rider.…”

Kinetics and kinematics of the horse comparing left and right rising trot

“…The lumbar back: Since the rider moves down relatively more during the sitting stance compared to the nonsitting the horse has to cope with the larger downward impulse from the rider and then push the rider up again. This results in increased vertical loading during half of the stride cycle (de Cocq et al 2008) and can explain why the lumbar back is lower between the mid-stances of the sitting and the nonsitting diagonal stance (when at least one diagonal limb is at stance).…”