A comparison of rein tension of the rider's dominant and non-dominant hand and the influence of the horse's laterality

Abstract

von Borstel (2010). A comparison of rein tension of the rider's dominant and non-dominant hand and the inuence of the horse's laterality. AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the horse's laterality on the symmetry of rein tension in right-handed riders. Eleven right-handed riders rode both a right-lateralized (RL) and a left-lateralized (LL) horse. Rein tension was measured during three circles of walk, trot and canter and four walk-halt transitions in each direction. Tensions were recorded continuously using a rein tension meter. The LL horse was ridden with significantly stronger mean tension in the left rein than in the right rein (1.5 vs. 1.4 kg; P ¼ 0.0352). Significantly more tension was applied to the outside rein in a clockwise (1.4 vs. 1.2 kg; P ¼ 0.0202), but not in a counterclockwise, direction (1.3 vs. 1.2 kg; P ¼ 0.49). Less minimum tension (0.06 vs. 0.29 kg) and greater maximum (6.4 vs. 3.9 kg) and range of tension (6.3 vs. 3.6 kg) occurred in the left rein of the RL horse (P , 0.0001) and the right rein of the LL horse (0.37 vs. 0.08 kg, 4.8 vs. 7.4 kg, 4.3 vs. 7.3 kg respectively; P , 0.0001). The results of the present study indicate that the different utilization of both reins is likely to be influenced by the laterality of both horse and rider. These findings may have important implications for equine training, since consistency of reinforcement is an important factor for equine learning success.

Rein tension during canter

“…In contrast to what was found by Kuhnke et al (2010) we found that the horses were consistently 'ridden more on the inside rein' , i.e. that tension was on average higher on the inside rein.…”

“…Warren-Smith et al (2007) and Heleski et al (2009). Studies on canter have been performed using few horses and riders (Clayton et al, 2003;Kuhnke et al, 2010). There are few studies regarding rein tension in relation to the stride cycle and most of these have been carried out in trot.…”

Evolving protocols for research in equitation science

“…Furthermore, assessment of equestrian technique can be based on undefined terms like "feel". Early examples of measurements include rein tension Manfredi et al, 2005;Warren-Smith et al, 2007;Heleski et al, 2009;Manfredi et al, 2009;Clayton et al, 2011;Kuhnke et al, 2010;Christensen et al, 2011;Hawson et al, 2014, König von Borstel andGlißmann, 2014), leg pressure (Nevison et al, 2011, Hawson et al, 2012 and pressure from the seat (de Cocq et al, 2010b;Clayton et al, 2013). These studies were conducted to take the guesswork out of equitation, to identify what works and what does not and to ensure that, wherever possible, techniques that compromise horse welfare are addressed.…”

“…These are the Mini Low Profile (MLP)-75™ load cell (Transducer Technologies, Temecula, CA, USA) (Clayton et al, 2011;Heleski et al, 2009;Manfredi et al, 2009), the MLP-100™ (Transducer Technologies, Temecula, CA, USA) (Clayton et al, 2003;Manfredi et al, 2005) and ReinCheck™ (Crafted Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia), derived using Signal Scribe™ (Crafted Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia) (Edwards and Randle, 2010;Kuhnke et al, 2010, Christensen et al, 2011Randle et al, 2011;).…”

Analysis of the Coordination of the Trunk Tilting Angle and Bilateral Lower Limbs According to the Stirrups Length during Trot in Equestrian: Asymmetric Index Development of Overall Movement Index Algorithm

“…등자와 기승자세의 관계를 살펴볼 때, Quinn과 Bird(1996)가 기수의 일반적인 하지각도는 엉덩관절의 수평선 상을 기준으로 대퇴(thigh)는 30°-40°이지만, 등자길이를 짧게 유지하여 대퇴의 각도가 20°가 될 경우, 골반의 후방경사 (pelvic retroversion)를 감소시킨다고 보고했다 (Loch, 1988). 반 면, Nicholl, Coleman과 Williams(1991) 한편, 기승자의 균형유지가 강조되는 만큼, 말의 균형은 승마, 마장마술 (Klimke, 1985;Miesner, Putz, & Plewa, 2000) 그리고 점핑 (Powers & Harrison, 2000)을 수행함에 있어 매우 중요하 다 (Kuhnke, Dumbell, Gauly, Johnson, & McDonald, 2010). 말 의 비대칭적인 후족(hindquarters) 움직임은 기수의 운동성능이 더 저하될 수 있는데 (Dyson, Murray, Branch, & Harding, 2003;Stashak, 1995), 레이스(races) 동안 기승자세의 불균형한 체지의 움직임 역시 말에게 치명적인 부상을 유발시킬 뿐만 아니라 (Davies, 1996;Deuel & Lawrence, 1987;Williams & Norris, 2007), 기수의 고삐 긴장으로 어깨부분의 미세한 외상 과 반복성 긴장장애(repetitive strain injury)가 증가된다고 하였 다 (Pugh & Bolin, 2004 1989;Bixby-Hammett, 1992;Campbell-Hewson, Robinson, & Egleston, 1999;Christey, Nelson, Rivara, Smith, & Smith, 1994;Kraft et al, 2009;Kriss, T. C., & Kriss, V. M., 1997;Nelson & Bixby-Hammett, 1992;Quinn & Bird, 1996).…”