The Effect of Observational Learning on Self-Efficacy by Sport Competition Condition, Performance Level of Team Members, and Whether You Win or Lose

Abstract

This study examined the effect of athletes’ competition conditions, personal performance level, and attributions toward winning or losing on the relationship between observational learning (OL) and self-efficacy (SE) based on social cognitive theory and social comparison theory. Study 1 verified the validity and reliability of the Korean versions of the Functions of Observational Learning Questionnaire (FOLQ) and the SE Questionnaire. Study 2 investigated differences in the degree to which OL predicts SE in different pressure conditions and personal performance levels. The results showed that OL increased SE in high-performing athletes in high-pressure games and better predicted SE in low-performing athletes in low-pressure games. Study 3 tested the double-mediating effects of effect and OL on the effect of attributions about winning or losing on SE. The results showed that a stronger perception that the cause of winning was internal was associated with increased pride, OL, and SE.

The effect of self-efficacy, social support, and achievement motivation on archery athlete’s perfor-mance

“…The p-value of 0.000 is less than 0.05 and the t-statistic value of 3.518 is more than t-table of 1.960. These results show that Self-Efficacy affects Performance of Ar-chery Athletes (Kwon et al, 2022;Samah et al, 2019). Thus, the hypothesis that says Self-Efficacy has a positive and significant influence on Archery Athlete's Performance is accepted.…”

The Ergonomic Behaviors Evaluation Tool (EBET) based on social cognitive theory for the assembly line workers: development and psychometric assessment

“… “Due to the high amount of work and the short time, it is difficult to perform stretching exercises” “I feel embarrassed to stretch at work” “My colleagues may scold me while doing stretching exercises” Social support -Colleague support -Team leader support -Health and safety expert support -Installation of educational posters -Access to training courses Bao et al (2020) [ 4 ], Susihono et al (2021) [ 15 ], Aje et al (2018) [ 23 ], Buruck et al (2019) [ 30 ], Villotti et al (2018) [ 31 ], and Henry et al (2019) [ 32 ]. “Here, friends do not invite each other to do stretching exercises or observe the correct body position during work” “If there was an educational poster in my work environment, it would help me more” Observational learning Trying to pay attention, focus, repeat and practice ergonomic behavior Kwon et al (2022) [ 22 ]. “I usually don’t pay attention to how my colleagues sit correctly” “If my colleagues do stretching exercises, I would definitely do the same.” Behavioral skills Having the skills: -Maintaining body posture while working -Doing a variety of stretching exercises Muyor et al (2012) [ 17 ], Aje et al (2018) [ 23 ], and Moazzami et al (2016) [ 18 ].…”

“… “I don't know how to do stretching exercises in the workplace” “If I knew how to maintain the correct posture of the body, I would do this.” Self-efficacy How easy or difficult: -Doing stretching exercises -Maintaining correct posture while working -Planning to perform ergonomic behavior Sanaeinasab et al (2018) [ 2 ], Khalili et al (2018) [ 11 ], Denadai et al (2021) [ 10 ], and Moazzami et al (2016) [ 18 ]. “It is very difficult for me to maintain my body position during work” “Stretching is not difficult for me” Knowledge -General & specific musculoskeletal disorder knowledge Kwon et al (2022) [ 22 ], Akbari, Akbari-Chehrehbargh et al (2020) [ 20 ], and Moazzami et al (2016) [ 18 ]. “I think repetitive work at high speed on an assembly line causes musculoskeletal pain”.…”

“…SCT explores how individuals learn and develop through their interactions with the environment, social interactions, and their cognitive processes [ 21 ]. Concepts include observational learning, self-efficacy, the reciprocal relationship between individuals and their environment, cognitive processes and self-regulation, and diverse applications [ 17 , 22 , 23 ]. As a result, SCT is widely regarded as an effective approach for promoting health interventions.…”

The Impact of Different Attentional Focus Strategies During Modeling on the Acquisition and Retention of Free Throws in Basketball

“…Bandura's psychological theories have emphasized observational learning and suggest that learning through observation, as well as direct experience, enhances human cognitive abilities. Numerous studies in the field of movement learning demonstrate that observational learning can significantly improve skill acquisition and enhance athletic performance (3). One of the primary goals of physical education is to develop effective educational strategies using the latest scientific methods.…”