The Effect of Gambier Extract on the Levels of Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, and Blood Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a disease associated with dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and oxidative stress. A treatment which can reduce the impact of oxidative stress may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of gambier extract on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and blood glucose level (BGL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: This research was a randomized clinical study consisted of two groups, namely placebo group (n=10) and gambier group (n=6). The blood samples were collected from the vein after fasting overnight and before consuming 100 g white bread to measure the levels of MDA, SOD, and BGL. The same procedure was conducted after fasting and 2-h postprandial on day 1 and day 14. The data obtained were analyzed with Student’s t-test with a statistical significance level of p<0.05.Results: The results showed that there was no change in MDA levels in the placebo group during the observation, but there was a significant decrease in MDA levels in the gambier group on day 14. In contrast, SOD levels increased in all measurements although there was no change on day 1 in the placebo group. The present study also found a significant increase of BGLs after consuming 100 g bread in both groups, but less BGL elevation in the gambier group.Conclusion: It is concluded that gambier extract has special mechanisms in the treatment of T2DM as an antioxidant and BGLs reduction.

The effect of chewing-betel habits on blood glucose levels in the Karo ethnic community, Karo district

“…Gambier is known to prevent various diseases because it is both anti-inflammatory and a strong antioxidant. Pane et al (2018) reported that gambier can reduce blood glucose levels in T2DM patients by increasing levels of superoxide dismutase resulting in a decrease in malondialdehyde formation and an increase in pancreatic function in producing insulin. In the present study, we suggested that the habit of chewing betel can control BGL because of the efficacy of gambier which is one of the components in betel.…”

“…The anti-oxidant catechin molecules in gambier are safe, and identified as the main bioactive compounds in gambier (Anggraini et al, 2011). Catechins can improve diabetes and its complications by modifying oxidative stress (p<0.05) (Pane et al, 2018;Samarghandian et al, 2017).…”

“…The content of catechin polyphenols in gambier is efficacious as an anti-oxidant that may prevent various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (Umeno et al, 2016). This case is proved in the research of Pane et al (2018) which states that gambier extract is efficacious in the treatment of diabetes by increasing levels of superoxide dismutase and lowering blood glucose levels (BGL).…”

The benefit of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) in lowering total cholesterol levels after consumption of high-fat containing foods in white mice (Mus musculus) models

“…One such herb is gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) 5 , which has antioxidant effects and lowers blood glucose when treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There are also bangun-bangun leaves (Coleus amboinicus), which are believed to be effective in relieving pain when distilled as ethanol and water extract 6 .…”

Benefit of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) in lowering total cholesterol level after consumption of high-fat containing foods in white mice (Mus musculus) models

“…One such herb is such as gambier (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) 4 , which has antioxidant effects and lowers blood glucose when treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is also bangun-bangun leaves (Coleus amboinicus), which are believed to be effective in relieving pain when distilled as ethanol and water extract 5 .…”