The Effect of Different Irrigation Water Levels on Grain Yield, Yield Components and Some Quality Parameters of Silage Maize (<i>Zea mays indentata </i>Sturt.)

Abstract

This research was conducted in Bursa, Marmara region, Turkey, in order to determine grain yield and some morphological traits which affect the silage maize response to different irrigation water amounts. The grains’ percentage of crude oil and of crude protein were determined. Field experiments were planned following randomized complete block design with three replications and included six irrigation treatments. Irrigation treatments were created as water levels of pan evaporation (Epan) applied via drip irrigation [1.25 × Epan (I125), 1.00 × Epan (I100), 0.75 × Epan (I75), 0.50 × Epan (I50), 0.25 × Epan (I25) and 0 × Epan (I0)]. The highest value of grain yield was found to be 18,268 kg ha-1 in the I125 treatment, which represents excessive water. A quadratic relationship between grain yield and irrigation water applied was obtained. Deficit irrigation decreased grain yield and yield components except the percentage of crude oil and crude protein of grain, but improved the efficient use of irrigation water. Relationships between the grain yield and each yield component were positively significant. The highest correlation coefficient in the research gave the relationship between grain yield and plant height (r=0.957**). The results revealed that 1.25 × Epan and 1.00 × Epantreatments are preferable for higher yield. The results of this study also suggest that if water is limited, the application of 0.75 × Epan can be recommended as optimal treatment, because the best compromise among yield, yield components, quality and irrigation water use efficiency for maize was achieved with this application.

Maize Seed Production Under Climate-Smart Agriculture Techniques as a Response to Climate Change Effects

“…The analysis of variance for the mean revealed that maize yield and yield components significantly increased (P < 0.05) under the climate-smart agriculture method more especially MTM because it was able to retain moisture during the period of dry spells except for harvesting index which was not significant (p > 0.05). The present results, however, are in line with the findings of [17] and [15], who indicated that the availability of moisture in the soil during dry spells increases maize yield components and yield. Research has shown that soil moisture content control plant phenological, physiological and morphological characteristics of maize plant in response to water stress induced by either drought or dry spells [16], basically when water at field capacity decreases, this initiates a decrease on a number of grains per plant and yield per unit area [17] and number of cobs per plant decreases, to concur with these findings, maize seed that was grown using conventional farming system yielded short corn-cob in length (9.68cm) and, cob grain yield per ear per plant, which was significantly lower than that of minimum tillage with mulch.…”

“…Research has shown that a deficit of water decreases cell division and cell proliferation which results in poor leaf development and eventually generates lower grain yield [14]. In this research, dry spells could be the main cause of water stress in different treatment, basically underwater stress the percentage of leaf development decline significantly [15], that resulted in low accumulation of biomass.…”

Farklı Düzeylerde Vermikompost ve Sulama Uygulamalarının Bazı Toprak Özellikleri ve Biber (Capsicum annuum) Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri

“…Approximately 51% more water application resulted in an average increase of over 30% in plant height. Similar results regarding the positive effects of water level on plant height are frequently found in the literature (Sezen et al 2007;Acar et al 2008;Dağdelen et al 2009;Yıldırım et al 2015;Karasu et al 2015;Sahin et al 2016).…”

Performance of Ten Maize Hybrids Under Water Stress and Calcareous Soil Conditions.

“…Results Table 11 indicate, in general, that average crop water productivity values increased with decreasing water application, where CWP, under 75% irrigation regime, was increased by 3.07 and 7.72% in 2007 and 2008 seasons, respectively, comparable with 100% irrigation regime. Karasu et al (2015) reported that deficit irrigation improved the efficient use of irrigation water. Moreover, EL-Hendawy et al (2008) found that irrigation water use efficiency of drip -irrigated maize (TWC 321) was higher under 80% ETc regime by 22.17% (2 -season mean) than that with 100% ETc regime.…”

“…The author added that, the highest water use efficiency was obtained under either irrigation with 1.2 pan evaporation coefficient or 1.0 pan evaporation coefficient in the 1 st and 2 nd seasons. Karasu et al (2015) showed that, irrigation levels significantly affected the maize grain yield, all morphological and quality parameters. Roth et al (2013) stated that periods of drought at critical growth stages can negatively impact yield even if soil moisture is not limiting at other stages of development.…”