Abstract. Soil compaction is a common problem of mineral soils under conventional tillage practices. Organic matter addition is an efficient way of reducing the effects of field traffic in soil compaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of number of tractor passes (one, three, and five) on depth-dependent (0-10 and 10-20 cm) penetration resistance, bulk density, and porosity of clay-textured soil (Typic Xerofluvent) under organic vegetable cultivation practices in the 2010-2013 growing seasons. Fields were treated with farmyard manure (FYM, 35 t ha −1 ), green manure (GM; common vetch, Vicia sativa L.), and conventional tillage (CT). The number of tractor passes resulted in increases in bulk density and penetration resistance (CT > GM > FYM), whereas the volume of total and macropores decreased. The maximum penetration resistance (3.60 MPa) was recorded in the CT treatment with five passes at 0-10 cm depth, whereas the minimum (1.64 MPa) was observed for the FYM treatment with one pass at 10-20 cm depth. The highest bulk density was determined as 1.61 g cm −3 for the CT treatment with five passes at 10-20 cm depth; the smallest value was 1.25 g cm −3 in the FYM treatment with only one pass at 0-10 cm depth. The highest total and macropore volumes were determined as 0.53 and 0.16 cm 3 cm −3 respectively at 0-10 cm depth for the FYM treatment with one pass. The volume of micropores (0.38 cm 3 cm −3 ) was higher at 0-10 cm depth for the FYM treatment with three passes. It can be concluded that organic pre-composted organic amendment rather than green manure is likely to be more efficient in mitigating compaction problems in soil.
In this research was carried out to determine the effects of farmyard manure and green manure applications on some soil physical properties in a three yearly organic vegetable cultivation field. The effects of control (C), farmyard manure (FYM) (35 t ha-1) and green manure (GM) applications on some soil physical properties (soil water characteristics (0.001, 0.1, 0.33, 1, 5, 10 and 15 bars), available water content, porosity and bulk density) were investigated in 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil depths for two years. At all tension values, the highest volumetric soil water contents were obtained for FYM application and the lowest ones for C treatment. The highest total porosity along with macro and micro porosity were found in the FYM application and the lowest ones were found in the C application. The available water content was the highest in the GM application and the lowest in the C application. In addition, the highest bulk density was found in C application and the lowest bulk density was found in FYM application. These results showed that the effects of different organic material applications on soil physical properties are important.
Abstract. Soil compaction is common problem of mineral soils under conventional tillage practices. Organic matter addition is an efficient way of reducing the effects of field traffic in soil compaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of number of tractor passes (1, 3 and 5) on depth dependent (0–10 and 10–20 cm) penetration resistance, bulk density and porosity of a clay textured soil (Typic Xerofluvent) under organic vegetable cultivation practiced in 2010–2013 growing seasons treated with farmyard manure (35 t FYM ha−1), green manure (GM) (common vetch, Vicia sativa L.) and conventional tillage (C). The number of tractor passes resulted in increases in bulk density and penetration resistance (C > GM > FYM) whereas the volume of total and macro pores decreased. The maximum penetration resistance (3.60 MPa) was recorded in C treatment with 5 passes in 0–10 cm depth whereas the minimum (1.64 MPa) was observed for FYM treatment with 1 pass in 10–20 cm depth. The highest bulk density was determined as 1.61 g cm−3 for C treatment with 5 passes in 10–20 cm depth, the smallest value was 1.25 g cm−3 in the FYM treatment with only 1 pass in 0–10 cm depth. The highest total and macro pores volume were determined as 0.53 and 0.16 cm3 cm−3, respectively, in 0–10 cm depth of FYM treatment with 1 pass. The volume of micro pores (0.38 cm3 cm−3) was higher in 0–10 cm depth of FYM treatment with 3 passes. It can be concluded that organic pre-composted organic amendment rather than green manure was likely to be more efficient in chasing compaction problem in soils.
Pot capacity (PC) is defined as optimum moisture level of the pot-soil for irrigation in greenhouse experiments, is not same field capacity (FC) defined for field conditions. In this study, vermicompost was applied to different levels (0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.25% w/w) for a sandy loam soil. Pepper was grown in greenhouse conditions. The irrigations were carried out at the levels of 80% PC and FC. Yield and some yield components were determined after 70 days from sowing. Effects of vermicompost were also, investigated on soil field capacity, wilting point and dispersion ratio. The differences found for plant height, weight, root weight, yield, leaf chlorophyll content were statistically significant. In addition, vermicompost applications provided to reduction of dispersion ratio.
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