A field experiment was conducted at Nubaria agricultural research station during the 2007 and 2008 summer seasons. Two irrigation regimes e.g. 100 and 75% of maize water requirements, respectively, under drip irrigation system and ten (5 single-cross (SC) plus 5 three-way cross (TWC) maize hybrids and their interaction were assessed. The experimental design was a split-plot with three replications, where the main plots represented two irrigation regimes and the sub-plots were assigned to the ten maize hybrids. The main findings could be summarized as follows: Significant decreases in grain yield were observed under deficit irrigation comparing with adequate one in 1 st and 2 nd seasons. Plant height and ear height exhibited similar trends, however, the differences did not reach the significant level due to irrigation regimes. An opposite trend was recorded for number of days to mid-silking, anthesis-silking interval and leaf proline content traits, where 75% irrigation regime resulted in higher values of such traits in the two seasons of study, comparable with 100% irrigation regime.As for maize hybrid types, notable opposite trends in grain yield were found, where TWC hybrids average increased by 1.80% more than SC hybrids in 2007 season, meanwhile SC hybrids averaged surpassed that of TWC hybrids average by 1.87% in 2008 season. Additionally, TWC hybrids exhibited shorter values of days to mid-silking and anthesis-silking interval (day) compared with SC hybrids, in the two seasons of study. The average of leaf proline content was higher for SC hybrids, comparable with TWC hybrids. On average basis, SC hybrids exhibited higher value of (DSI) than TWC hybrids in 1 st and 2 nd seasons, and SC10 maize hybrid exhibited the potentiality of grain yield with the adequate irrigation regime, in 1 st and 2 nd seasons. Under 75% irrigation regime, TWC.321, TWC.324, TWC.327 and SC.162 exhibited higher grain yield in 2007, while in 2008, TWC.321, SC.10 and SC.162 gave higher grain yield.The amounts of applied irrigation water were 8000 and 6070 m 3 ha-1 for the 100% and 75% irrigation treatments, respectively. Average crop water productivity values increased with decreasing applied water, where, under 75% irrigation regime CWP was increased in 1 st and 2 nd seasons, comparable with 100% irrigation regime. Under stress conditions, average CWP value for the TWC hybrids was higher by 13.48% in 2007, and seemed to be negligible (0.79%) in 2008 season comparing with SC hybrids, respectively. An opposite trend was notable under 100% irrigation regime, where average CWP value for the SC hybrids was higher by 5.26 and 3.62%, respectively, in 1 st and 2 nd seasons. The highest CWP values (3.39 and 2.88 kg m-3), respectively, in 2007 and 2008 seasons were obtained with SC10 hybrid as irrigated at 100% regime interaction.

Four simple, sensitive, accurate and precise stability-indicating methods were developed for determination of sofosbuvir (SFB) in pure form as well as in its pharmaceutical preparation and in presence of its alkaline degradate. The first method is an HPLC stability-indicating method, where the intact drug (SFB), the internal standard (atorvastatin) and SFB degradation product were separated on a Athena C 18 (250 mm X 4.6 mm ID, 5µm particle size) column using methanol-water (70:30, v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and UV detection at 260 nm. The second method is the ratio difference method, where the UV absorption spectra of different concentrations of SFB were divided by the absorption spectrum of a certain concentration (30 µg /ml) of its degradation product (divisor) to get the ratio difference spectra. Afterwards, the difference in peak amplitudes between 270 and 245 nm were measured. The third method is the ratio derivative method, where the amplitudes of first derivative of the obtained ratio difference spectra were measured at 282 nm. The fourth method is the mean centering of ratio difference spectra, where the amplitudes of the mean centered ratio difference spectra were measured at 262.6 nm. The calibration curves were linear over the concentration range of 5-35 µg/ml for all methods. The proposed methods can selectively analyse the drug in presence of up to 86 % of its degradation product with mean recoveries of 100.66±1.310, 101.04±1.662, 101.06±1.026 and 99.92+1.374 for the four methods, respectively. These methods were validated and successfully applied for the determination of SFB in its commercial preparation. Moreover, the obtained results were statistically compared with those of the reported method by applying t-test and Ftest at 95% confidence level. It was found that no significant differences were observed regarding accuracy and precision.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different irrigation regimes on yield, yield attributes and water productivity. The adopted irrigation regimes were classified as follows: (oncontinuous flooding treatments (irrigation every 6 days with 7 cm depth (I1) and irrigation every 6 days with 5 cm depth (I2)) and intermittent irrigation treatments (irrigation every 6 days with 3 cm depth (I3), irrigation every 12 days with 7 cm depth (I4), irrigation every 12 days with 5 cm depth (I5) and irrigation every 12 days with 3 cm depth (I6)) on the yield and yield attributes of two rice cultivars (Giza178) and (Oraby2), in addition to its effect on water productivity.The results showed that there were significant differences between continuous flooding treatments and intermittent irrigation treatments on all the studied traits and there were no significant differences between the cultivars. Under I1, highest rice yield and water productivity for both cultivars were attained. Application of I2 or I3 caused 7 or 11% yield losses averaged over cultivars and seasons and saved 8 or 13% of the applied water.The highest water productivity (WP) was attained by Giza178 under I2 for both cultivars. The results also showed that application of I6 resulted in similar water productivity value as I1 for both cultivars and seasons.Thus, under expected water scarcity, Giza178 can be cultivated using I6 to attain the highest WP under intermittent irrigation treatments. Furthermore, legume crop need to cultivate it before rice to improve soil quality and increase yield.

A field experiment was conducted during the two successive summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 in a clay soil. This work was done to study the effect of three irrigation water depletion treatments (50, 65 and 80% of available soil moisture, SPE) and two levels of magnetic iron application and their interactions on squash yield and its components, water application requirements, water consumption, water use efficiency, water productivity, NPK and chlorophyll contents. Results indicated that the total depth of water application requirements were 389.2, 427.0 and 490.5 mm in 2019 season, and were 400.9, 436.2 and 510.7 mm in 2020 under I80, I65 and I50, respectively. The best WUE values of 13.34 and 12.9 kg/m 3 were recorded with I65 and Fe2 treatment in 2019 and 2020 growing seasons, respectively. The highest yields of 23.9 and 23.65 t/fed were obtained with low depletion rate (I50) and Fe2 treatment, in 2019 and 2020 seasons, respectively. All of the evaluated yield components and vegetative growth traits exhibited higher values with I50, and the values tended to decrease, gradually, with increasing water depletion. Furthermore, higher values of all the abovementioned fruit quality and attributes were attained from the application of magnetic iron at 150 kg/fed (Fe2). On conclusion, it is advisable to irrigate squash crop under I50 (50% of available soil moisture) combined with applying magnetic iron at rate of 150 kg/fed in order to obtain higher and reasonable fruit yield and quality and water productivity as well under the experimental conditions.

A two-season field experiment was carried out in the newly reclaimed calcareous soils of the Horticulture Research Station at Nubaria region during 2010 and 2011 summer seasons. The objectives of this research were to study the effect of two irrigation rates and five soil amendments treatments on cantaloupe yield, yield components, and quality as well as amounts of applied irrigation water and water use efficiency. The treatments were assessed in a split plot design with three replicates, where the tested irrigation rates e.g. 100 and 80% ETc were represented in the main plots, while and the five soil amendment treatments (control without any soil amendments, organic matter (20 m 3 fed-1), organic matter + polymer (0.1% on mass basis) +, organic matter + organic matter+ taflah (0.2% on mass basis) and organic matter+ polymer + taflah +) were allocated to the subplots. The obtained results showed that:1-The growth parameters e.g. number of branches 98-1 and branch length were significantly affected by the adopted irrigation rates and soil amendment treatments. Irrigation regime 100% ETc exhibited the highest values for both growth traits, comparable with 80% ETc regime. The soil amendment treatments (OM +Tafla) and (OM + Tafla+ Polymer) resulted in the higher figures of Number of branches plant-1 in first and second seasons, respectively. Branch length trait was the highest with (OM + T + P) soil conditioner treatment in the first and second seasons.2-Average number of fruits plant-1 was increased with 80% ETc regime in the first and second seasons compared with 100% ETc regime. Average Fruit weight plant-1 exhibited different trend, where the values were increased under100% ETc regime, in the first and second seasons, comparing with 80% ETc regime. The soil amendment treatment (OM +Tafla+ Polymer) attained the highest figures of number of fruits plant-1 and fruit weight plant-1 , in first and second seasons.3-Irrigation regime (80% ETc) insignificantly increased total fresh yield of cantaloupe crop, comparable with 100% ETc in the first and second seasons. The adopted soil amendment treatments revealed significant influence to affect total fresh yield of cantaloupe, and (OM + Tafla+ Polymer) resulted in the highest figures reached to 16.36 and 14.77 t/fed, respectively, in the first and second seasons.4-The TSS exhibited a reversed response with the assessed irrigation rates, and increased with lower irrigation rate and vice versa and such trend was true in the first and second seasons. The highest figurers of TSS were recorded with (OM + Tafla) treatment, in the first and second seasons.5-Applied Irrigation Water during 2007 and 2008 seasons were 1342 and 1074 m 3 /fed for 100% and 80% ETc regimes, respectively, and the peak of applied water was during fruit formation stage (July). Water use efficiency (WUE) values were increased with 80% ETc regime, comparable with 100% ETc regime. The soil amendment treatment (OM+ Tafla+ Polymer) was superior to improve WUE for cantaloupe in comparison with the others soil ame...