Aims: In the long run, reusing low-quality water in Egypt's agricultural sector directly or after mixing with fresh water to compensate for water supply constraints can be hazardous to plants and soil. As a result, some appropriate management must be considered. For this reason, a field experiment was implemented in winter seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 at Sakha Agric. Res. Station Farm, Kafr El-Sheikh Gov., Egypt. This study aims to assess the impacts of zeolite and vermicompost as well their combinations on alleviation of low-quality water impacts on physicochemical properties of clayey soil and wheat productivity. Study Design: complete randomized block design with three replicates. Results: The application of 2.40 Mg Z ha-1 was found to be the most effective on soil properties and plant growth. This treatment reduced soil EC, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO42-, and ESP values the most (52.90 percent, 83.21 percent, 30.43 percent, 6.04 percent, 91.82 percent, 19.83 percent, and 70.73 percent, respectively), while increasing the K+ value by 32.47 percent. It also achieved the highest increases in plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain, and straw yields (35.92%, 9.60%, 42.77%, and 25.61%, respectively) when compared to untreated soil. With 2.40 Mg VC ha-1, the greatest changes in bulk density, total porosity, and CEC (-9.23, 9.30, and 10.54 percent, respectively) were obtained. The applications of 1.80 Mg Z with 0.6 Mg VC ha-1 and 0.6 Mg Z ha-1 with 1.80 Mg VC ha-1, on the other hand, resulted in the greatest increases in soil moisture content, drainable pores (DP), and water holding pores (WHP). Furthermore, 0.6 Mg Z combined with 1.80 Mg VC ha-1 significantly increased the available N, P, and K in the soil. The addition of 2.4 tons Z/ha increased the WP and resulted in a high economically appealing wheat. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the application of Z and VC is a new strategy for alleviating abiotic stress and improving wheat growth. Z application was more effective than VC on improving soil physicochemical properties and improving the water productivity and achieve high economical attractiveness wheat irrigated by low-quality water.
Two field experiments were carried out during two successive summer seasons of 2008 and 2009 at the experimental farm, El-Kassasein Research Station, Ismailia Governorate, to investigate the effect of different rates of farmyard manure (10,20,30 and 40 m 3 /fed), plant spacings (20,30,40 and 50 cm) and their interactions on vegetative growth, fresh and dry weight, yield and its components and chemical constituents of Jerusalem artichoke plants (Helianthus tuberosus L.) cv. fuseau under sandy soil conditions. Farmyard manure at a rate of 40m 3 /fed. recorded maximum values of plant height, number of shoots /plant, fresh and dry weight/ plant, and increased number of tubers per plant, average tuber weight and yield / plant as well as chemical constituents of tubers as compared with 10m 3 /faddan. Planting Jerusalem artichoke plant at 50 cm reflected the highest values of vegetative growth parameters, yield and yield components as well as chemical constituents of tubers. The best interaction treatment between different rates of farmyard manure and plant spacing was fertilization with 40m 3 farmyard manure in combination with the highest plant spacing (50cm) as compared with other treatments.
A factorial experiment (2 transplanting dates X 3 foliar feeding levels) in split plot design was conducted at Gemmeiza Agric. Res. Station, Gharbeya Governorate, Egypt during 2016 and2017 growing summer seasons aiming to evaluate effects of transplanting date and foliar feeding with NPK and their interactions on growth, productivity and fruit quality of eggplant (Solanum melongena L,) c.v. Black Beauty. The two tested transplanting dates were summer transplanting on April and late summer on June. While, the three examined foliar feeding levels were spraying with tap water as control, spraying with Potassium-F fertilizer at rate of 3 ml/L or with Raizante fertilizer at rate of 2 ml/L. Foliar spray was done three times throughout growing season.Summer transplanting (April) significantly increased plant height, branches and leaves numbers/ plant and leaf area. Also, leaf percentages of N, P and K as well as total chlorophyll content were increased in April transplanting. Finally, total fruit yield (Ton/ fed) and its quality, expressed as more contents of total soluble solids (%) and total sugars (g/ 100 g D.W.) and less contents of total phenols (mg/ g D.W.) and acidity (%) in fruit tissues, were significantly increased in April transplanting comparing to late summer transplanting (June).Foliar spraying with Potassium-F at 3 ml/L or Raizante at 2 ml/L significantly increased all the above mentioned growth traits and leaf chemical constituents and in turn resulted significant increases in total fruit yield/ fed comparing to unfertilized control plants. Also, spraying Potassium-F or Raizante significantly reduced fruit firmness (kg/ cm 2 ) and fruit contents of total phenols and titratable acidity, at the same time significantly increased total soluble solids, total sugars and K (%) in fruit tissues. Raizante spray was more effective than Potassium-F in enhancing plant growth and fruit yield and its quality. 832 RAMADAN et al.Conclusively: when transplanting date interacted with foliar feeding, different significant responses were found. In general, interaction treatment of summer transplanting (April transplanting date) X foliar feeding with Raizante at 2 ml/L significantly increased plant growth traits and leaf contents of N, P, K and chlorophylls. Such interaction treatment resulted in the highest total fruit yield/ fed with the highest quality (high total soluble solids and total sugars and less total phenols and acidity in fruits) comparing all other interaction treatments.
A two-season field experiment was carried out in the newly reclaimed calcareous soils of the Horticulture Research Station at Nubaria region during 2010 and 2011 summer seasons. The objectives of this research were to study the effect of two irrigation rates and five soil amendments treatments on cantaloupe yield, yield components, and quality as well as amounts of applied irrigation water and water use efficiency. The treatments were assessed in a split plot design with three replicates, where the tested irrigation rates e.g. 100 and 80% ETc were represented in the main plots, while and the five soil amendment treatments (control without any soil amendments, organic matter (20 m 3 fed-1), organic matter + polymer (0.1% on mass basis) +, organic matter + organic matter+ taflah (0.2% on mass basis) and organic matter+ polymer + taflah +) were allocated to the subplots. The obtained results showed that:1-The growth parameters e.g. number of branches 98-1 and branch length were significantly affected by the adopted irrigation rates and soil amendment treatments. Irrigation regime 100% ETc exhibited the highest values for both growth traits, comparable with 80% ETc regime. The soil amendment treatments (OM +Tafla) and (OM + Tafla+ Polymer) resulted in the higher figures of Number of branches plant-1 in first and second seasons, respectively. Branch length trait was the highest with (OM + T + P) soil conditioner treatment in the first and second seasons.2-Average number of fruits plant-1 was increased with 80% ETc regime in the first and second seasons compared with 100% ETc regime. Average Fruit weight plant-1 exhibited different trend, where the values were increased under100% ETc regime, in the first and second seasons, comparing with 80% ETc regime. The soil amendment treatment (OM +Tafla+ Polymer) attained the highest figures of number of fruits plant-1 and fruit weight plant-1 , in first and second seasons.3-Irrigation regime (80% ETc) insignificantly increased total fresh yield of cantaloupe crop, comparable with 100% ETc in the first and second seasons. The adopted soil amendment treatments revealed significant influence to affect total fresh yield of cantaloupe, and (OM + Tafla+ Polymer) resulted in the highest figures reached to 16.36 and 14.77 t/fed, respectively, in the first and second seasons.4-The TSS exhibited a reversed response with the assessed irrigation rates, and increased with lower irrigation rate and vice versa and such trend was true in the first and second seasons. The highest figurers of TSS were recorded with (OM + Tafla) treatment, in the first and second seasons.5-Applied Irrigation Water during 2007 and 2008 seasons were 1342 and 1074 m 3 /fed for 100% and 80% ETc regimes, respectively, and the peak of applied water was during fruit formation stage (July). Water use efficiency (WUE) values were increased with 80% ETc regime, comparable with 100% ETc regime. The soil amendment treatment (OM+ Tafla+ Polymer) was superior to improve WUE for cantaloupe in comparison with the others soil ame...
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