The Effect of Concentrated Serum on Plasma Volume and Serum Protein Concentration

Freeman, Norman E.; Wallace, William

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1938.124.3.791

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The results reported here are in agreement with those of others who have shown that physiological saline solution quickly leaves the vascular bed after intravenous injection (16,17), that serum is retained in the vascular bed for several hours (16,18,19), and that gelatin solution is retained in the vascular bed for several hours (4,20,21). The results show that the gelatin solution is just as effective as serum in maintaining plasma volume in the normal vascular bed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in Plasma Volume and Cardiac Output Following the Intravenous Injection of Gelatin, Serum, and Physiological Saline Solution 1

Holt¹,

Knoefel²

1944

J. Clin. Invest.

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There has recently been a renewed interest in the use of gelatin as a substitute for blood plasma (1 to 5). The purpose of the present study is to determine, in normal dogs, the degree to which a single large intravenous injection of gelatin solution, physiological saline solution, or serum remains in the vascular bed and to determine the effect of these injections on cardiac output. METHODSDogs were anesthetized with an intravenous injection of sodium barbital, 250 mgm. per kgm. body weight. A tracheotomy was performed and a tracheal cannula inserted. A cephalic vein, carotid artery, and a small branch of the right and left femoral arteries were exposed and cannulated. Arterial blood pressure was recorded by means of a Hg manometer that was connected to the carotid cannula. The cardiac output, right auricular pressure, and hematocrit were determined and, at the same time, 10 to 40 mgm. of the dye, T-1824, were injected intravenously to determine the plasma volume. One hour later, 50 cc. per kgm. body weight of warmed gelatin solution, physiological saline solution, or serum were injected into the cephalic vein at the rate of 5 cc. per kgm. per minute. Twenty minutes after the completion of the fluid injection, the cardiac output was determined, an "indirect" determination of plasma volume was made, and the hematocrit was determined. At 40 minutes after the completion of the injection, an "indirect" determination of plasma volume was made and the hematocrit was determined. At 60 minutes after the completion of the injection, the right auricular pressure, hematocrit, -and cardiac output were determined, and an "indirect" determination of plasma volume was made. At the same time, 10 to 20 mgm. of dye were injected for a second "direct" determination of plasma volume. Two hundred and forty minutes after the completion of the injection, the hematocrit, right auricular pressure, and cardiac output were determined. At the same time, 10 mgm. of dye were injected intravenously for a third "direct" plasma volume determination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Changes in Plasma Volume and Cardiac Output Following the Intravenous Injection of Gelatin, Serum, and Physiological Saline Solution 1

Holt¹,

Knoefel²

1944

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Instances of its occurrence have been related to supposed or proved allergens in the fluid administered. We cannot explain the high incidence of urticaria noted by us and by others (11,25). Sharpey-Schafer and Wallace (25) suggest that the urticaria represents a generalized loss to the tissues of the excess intravascular fluid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…There have been numerous studies of the effects of the intravenous injection of large amounts of fluids into animals (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) and into man (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Eyster and Middleton (17) found that injection of about 1%o of body weight of blood in 10-14 minutes into cases of primary anemia caused transitory changes in blood and venous pressures and insignificant alterations in heart size.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular, Renal, and General Effects of Large, Rapid Plasma Infusions in Convalescent Men 1

Wilson¹,

Harrison²,

Taylor³

et al. 1950

J. Clin. Invest.

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Clinicians and investigators generally agree that fluid replacement in the treatment of shock due to blood loss should be rapid. It is common teaching, however, that intravenous fluids are best given slowly when shock is not being corrected.In this study reconstituted human plasma was given rapidly by vein to 10 convalescent males in order to observe the cardiovascular, renal, and general effects on individuals with normal blood volumes. Amounts of plasma from 900-1955 cc.given in 5%-60 minutes were well tolerated. REVIEW OF LITERATUREThere have been numerous studies of the effects of the intravenous injection of large amounts of fluids into animals (1-16) and into man (17-25). Eyster and Middleton (17) found that injection of about 1%o of body weight of blood in 10-14 minutes into cases of primary anemia caused transitory changes in blood and venous pressures and insignificant alterations in heart size. Caughey (18) gave cardiacs 1500 cc. of saline in 30 minutes, noting rise of venous pressure followed by a very slow fall, and failure of the venous pressure to subside quickly after infusion has been used by Richards, Caughey, et al. (19)

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“…This is shown by the fact that there was a progressive increase in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. If the ratios of the control value to the post-transfusion values are taken as a measure of this decrease in size, the maximum change noted in each experiment ranged for the series between 5 (19) found that if in shock due to experimental intestinal obstruction, they gave even as much again or more than the original volume of plasma, there was nevertheless a subsequent drop of plasma volume of 39 per cent and the dogs died in 5 or 6 hours. Rhoads, Wolff, and Lee (20), in a study of burn patients, noted that "when large plasma transfusions were administered soon after the receipt of a burn, there was not as great a rise in plasma volume as had been anticipated and furthermore, as a rule the rise that was obtained was temporary."…”

Section: Fig 3 Twenty-five CC Of Lyophilized Serum (4-fold Concentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boycott and Oakley (3) and Krumbhaar and Chanutin (4) made the same observation on dogs. Freeman and Wallace (5) found that protein given as lyophilized serum was retained for 3 hours, but had disappeared in 24. Since the work reported I This work was planned with the help of Dr. S. C. Harvey and Dr. P. B. Price and was done when the author was Harvey Cushing Memorial Fellow in Surgery, 1939-40. ' Now 1st Lieutenant, M.C., A.U.S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fate and Effects of Transfused Serum or Plasma in Normal Dogs

Metcalf¹

1944

J. Clin. Invest.

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The Effect of Concentrated Serum on Plasma Volume and Serum Protein Concentration

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Plasma Volume and Cardiac Output Following the Intravenous Injection of Gelatin, Serum, and Physiological Saline Solution 1

Changes in Plasma Volume and Cardiac Output Following the Intravenous Injection of Gelatin, Serum, and Physiological Saline Solution 1

Cardiovascular, Renal, and General Effects of Large, Rapid Plasma Infusions in Convalescent Men 1

The Fate and Effects of Transfused Serum or Plasma in Normal Dogs

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