Clinicians and investigators generally agree that fluid replacement in the treatment of shock due to blood loss should be rapid. It is common teaching, however, that intravenous fluids are best given slowly when shock is not being corrected.In this study reconstituted human plasma was given rapidly by vein to 10 convalescent males in order to observe the cardiovascular, renal, and general effects on individuals with normal blood volumes. Amounts of plasma from 900-1955 cc.given in 5%-60 minutes were well tolerated. REVIEW OF LITERATUREThere have been numerous studies of the effects of the intravenous injection of large amounts of fluids into animals (1-16) and into man (17-25). Eyster and Middleton (17) found that injection of about 1%o of body weight of blood in 10-14 minutes into cases of primary anemia caused transitory changes in blood and venous pressures and insignificant alterations in heart size. Caughey (18) gave cardiacs 1500 cc. of saline in 30 minutes, noting rise of venous pressure followed by a very slow fall, and failure of the venous pressure to subside quickly after infusion has been used by Richards, Caughey, et al. (19)

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Angiotensin II and I significantly raised potassium and lowered sodium and chloride ion concentrations in arterial plasma, with peak changes occurring in the first 2 min of a 6-min infusion period. The octapeptide increased the arterial K+ level in a dose-dependent manner, but the response showed tachyphylaxis when multiple infusions of 6-min duration were administered after a recovery interval of only 5 min. Raising the arterial blood pressure by 20-33 mmHg with adrenaline and noradrenaline failed to account for the increase in arterial plasma K+ concentration produced by the two peptides. These findings, in particular the rise in K+ concentration, are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms by which angiotensin II affects arteriolar tone.