“…Most CPS models have a role to develop divergent and convergent thinking, but the most important aspect is the ability to generate a number of innovative ideas (divergent) (Chen & Chen, 2019). CPS is a learning model that directs students to be more creative with the following steps: (1) clarification of the problem, (2) expression of opinions, (3) evaluation and selection, and (4) implementation (Sari et al, 2018). CPS promotes the acquisition of various types of skills so that the students can analyze their ideas to the fullest, overcome learning difficulties, facilitate their abilities, be more creative, active, and enjoy participating (Kanchanachaya & Shinasharkey, 2015;Wang, 2019).…”