Generic skills are the skills which needed to face the future. In this study, the generic skills that discussed are the generic skills on the science field, called generic science skills. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of module based on discovery learning to increase generic science skills. This study was conducted at one of the State Madrasah Aliyah in Surakarta academic year 2016/2017. The pre-test and post-test research pattern with treatment and control class groups were used throughout the study. While the treatment group taught by using module based on discovery learning, the control group was taught by a module that commonly used in the school. As the study concluded, using module based on discovery learning in the learning process is effective to increase generic science skills.

The availability of modules that are able to develop critical students' thinking skills has not been fulfilled. This study aimed to develop and determine the characteristics, feasibility, and effectiveness of guided inquiry-based ecosystem modules to improve students' critical thinking skills. This R&D research referred to Borg and Gall model with nine stages. The research instrument used was a test question sheet adapted from Facione. The data gained were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results of the study showed that: 1) the developed module was characterized with guided inquiry-based syntax and critical thinking skills aspect; 2) the module was declared feasible based on the gained validity scores i.e. 92.19 (very decent) from material expert, 81.90 (very decent) from learning expert, 78.57 (worthy) from linguist, 92.86 (very decent) from learning media expert, 92.36 (very decent) from practitioners, and 91.80 (very decent) from limited field test; 3) the student critical thinking skills achievement which treated by using the module was significantly higher compared to another class (F= 120.52; p-value < 0.05). It can be concluded that the developed module was feasible to be used in learning and effectively improved students' critical thinking skills.

Argumentation skills as a form of communication has function to externalize ideas through scientific discourse is a very important in learning of science. As an integral part of the science, argumentation skills should be included as a component of learning science. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of argument driven inquiry-based module in enhancing the students' argumentation skills. This study was conducted at one of the State Senior High School in Surakarta academic year 2016/2017. The pre-test and posttest research design with treatment and control class groups were used in the study. While the treatment group taught by using module based on argument-driven inquiry, the control group was taught by a module that commonly used at school. As the study concluded, using argument driven inquiry-based module in the learning process is effective to enhance the quality of students' argumentation skills.

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Samin watershed in Central Java is one of 282 Indonesian watersheds which are in critical condition. Nowadays, the sustainability of forest resources in the upstream of Samin watershed is threatened by exploitation of forest by people. As a result, erosion and sedimentation are occurring in this area that may pose a threat of flooding and landslide. Therefore, we need serious measures to maintain the function of Samin watershed, one of which is through the monitoring of vegetation in watershed. The purpose of this research was to analyze the structure and composition of vegetation in Samin watershed to support soil and water conservation. The survey of vegetation was conducted in 3 areas of Samin watershed based on geophysical conditions namely upstream, midstream, and downstream. At each sampling area, 37 sampling plots were randomly distributed in six observation stations. Vegetation analysis was carried out in both the lower crop community (LCC) and the tree. Results showed that the number of LCC species found in the upstream, midstream, and downstream areas were 21, 34, and 28 respectively. The species diversity indexes of LCC vegetation in the upstream, midstream, and downstream areas were 1.04, 1.34, and 1.23 respectively. Based on this result, LCC vegetation in Samin watershed was categorized in medium condition. The number of tree species found in the upstream, midstream, and downstream areas were 27, 18, and 12 respectively. The species diversity indexes of tree vegetation in the upstream, midstream, and downstream areas were 1.31, 1.15, and 0.97 respectively. Based on this result, the tree vegetation in Samin watershed was categorized in medium condition for the upstream and midstream areas, and low condition for the downstream area. Vegetation in Samin watershed must be preserved in order to maintain the sustainability of Samin watershed.