The Current Status of Stem Cell Regeneration in Intra Oral Applications—A Systematic Review

Abstract

Aim: 1) To review the literature of various applications of stem cell regeneration in dentistry from 2010 to 2016. 2) To review these studies and to summarize the current status of stem cell regeneration in intra oral applications.3) To present the available successful data with regard to stem cell regeneration in dentistry and to highlight the future trends. Materials and Methods: Search Protocol: A systematic search was made in the PubMed database with the key words gingiva, papillary reconstruction, periodontal ligament, dental pulp, salivary gland, enamel re-mineralization, dentin, cementum, bone, whole tooth, cleft palate, regeneration and stem cells. All articles from 2010 to 2016, relevant to the topic were included. After the search a total of 1826 articles were obtained which were screened and categorized by three independent reviewers as review papers, in vitro, animal and human studies, pertaining to stem cell regeneration in intra oral applications. On the basis of the extracted data and outcome measures, conclusions were drawn. Results: Maximum number of animal studies has been done to regenerate periodontal tissues, bone, dentin and pulp tissues. Few human studies have been done till date. Although clinically, researchers have been able to regenerate periodontal-like tissue, bone and pulp-like tissue, they still haven't been able to regenerate tissues that completely resemble tissues in their natural form. Conclusion: The future of stem cell therapy in dental applications looks promising. The predictability and efficacy of outcomes, as well as safety concerns of stem cell therapy is yet to be fully established. Ongoing research and development of newer scaffolds, understanding various signaling molecules and their cues, understanding gene expression and proteomics of stem cells are the future directions that will take us a step forward to achieving successful regeneration.

Regeneration of Salivary Gland Defects of Diabetic Wistar Rats Post Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Intraglandular Transplantation on Acinar Cell Vacuolization and Interleukin-10 Serum Level

“…However, the isolation of BMMSC is very invasive. Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (HDPSC) are considered as a better source of MSC because their extraction is less invasive than BMMSC, possess the ability of self-renewal, higher plasticity, and proliferation compared to BMMSC, but has a similar pattern of gene expression, fenotip and protein in vitro with BMMSC [8][9][10][11].…”

Histomorphometric Assessment of Autogenous Stem Cell Therapy in Horizontal Alveolar Ridge Augmentation (Experimental Study)

“…BMSCs can be expanded easily in culture and differentiate into cells with an osteogenic phenotype (15). This was confirmed when these cells were implanted ectopically on an appropriate scaffold and bone formation was observed, making them an appropriate possible stem cell source for bone regeneration therapy (12,31).…”

“…Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) belong to adult stem cells that are present in several mesenchymal tissues. These cells possess two main features; firstly, self-renewal by dividing and secondly, multi-lineage differentiation capacity into multiple tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle or fat tissue (10)(11)(12)(13). The osteogenic potential of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts provides the basic characteristic aspects of osteoinduction and osteoconduction of autologous bone grafting, thereby obviating the associated harvesting complications (2,14).…”

A Scarless Healing Tale: Comparing Homeostasis and Wound Healing of Oral Mucosa With Skin and Oesophagus

“…Oral SCs have been derived from dental pulp, periodontal ligament, exfoliated deciduous teeth, apical papilla, dental follicle, gingiva, oral mucosa, salivary glands and alveolar bone ( Kanwal et al, 2017 ; Bryja et al, 2019 ; Sanz et al, 2019 ). The work with oral SCs for hard and soft tissue regeneration within the oral cavity has focused on the use of oral SCs for reconstructing periodontal, bone, dentin and pulp tissues ( Seo et al, 2004 ; Feng et al, 2010 ; Giuliani et al, 2013 ; Shiehzadeh et al, 2014 ; Surendran and Sivamurthy, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Kanwal et al, 2017 ). Human gingival and mouse palatal epithelial cells were used to develop teeth in combination with mouse embryonic tooth mesenchyme following transplantation into renal capsules ( Nakagawa et al, 2009 ; Volponi et al, 2013 ).…”