The CRT, system 2, reflection-impulsivity, and actively open-minded thinking

Baron, Jonathan; Fincher, Katrina; Metz, S. Emlen; Scott, Sydney

doi:10.1037/e513702014-021

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Also, people with higher working memory capacity, which provides the necessary cognitive resources for cognitive deliberation, prefer utilitarian solutions for moral dilemmas (Moore et al, 2008 ). People who perform better on cognitive reflection task, which assesses individual's propensity to distrust intuitions in favor of reflective and deliberative processes, also prefer utilitarian solutions (Paxton et al, 2012 , 2013 ; Baron, 2013 ; but see Royzman et al, in press ). Disrupting cognitive processing by imposing cognitive load or by using noninvasive brain stimulation technique makes participants either slow down while endorsing utilitarian solutions (Greene et al, 2008 ) or makes it less likely that they will endorse utilitarian solutions (Trémolière et al, 2012 ; Conway and Gawronski, 2013 ; Jeurissen et al, 2014 ; but see Tassy et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced empathic concern leads to utilitarian moral judgments in trait alexithymia

2014

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Recent research with moral dilemmas supports dual-process model of moral decision making. This model posits two different paths via which people can endorse utilitarian solution that requires personally harming someone in order to achieve the greater good (e.g., killing one to save five people): (i) weakened emotional aversion to the prospect of harming someone due to reduced empathic concern for the victim; (ii) enhanced cognition which supports cost-benefit analysis and countervails the prepotent emotional aversion to harm. Direct prediction of this model would be that personality traits associated with reduced empathy would show higher propensity to endorse utilitarian solutions. As per this prediction, we found that trait alexithymia, which is well-known to have deficits in empathy, was indeed associated with increased utilitarian tendencies on emotionally aversive personal moral dilemmas and this was due to reduced empathic concern for the victim. Results underscore the importance of empathy for moral judgments in harm/care domain of morality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced empathic concern leads to utilitarian moral judgments in trait alexithymia

2014

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“…This is in line with Tabachnick and Fidell's (2013) rules of thumb, according to which, given our ten predictors, we should have at least N = 140 cases to detect medium effect size. However, this type of analysis has serious problems due to imperfect reliabilities of measures (e.g., Baron et al, 2017), resulting in often serious Type I error inflation and unreliable conclusions about the significance and importance of predictors (e.g., Westfall & Yarkoni, 2016). To alleviate this problem and to select, among all of the possible models, the most appropriate constellation of predictors for our outcomes given the data, we implemented a Bayesian Model Averaging method (BMA; Hinne et al, 2020;Bergh et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incremental Validity of Decision-Making Styles in Predicting Real-Life and Work-Related Outcomes

Erceg

Galić

2024

Journal of Individual Differences

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Across three studies and three different samples, we investigated whether decision-making styles exhibit incremental validity in predicting various real-life outcomes over and above cognitive abilities and personality traits. In Study 1, we showed that decision-making styles (especially avoidant and spontaneous ones) but not cognitive abilities predict important real-life and academic outcomes in a sample of undergraduate students. In Study 2, on a sample of employed adults, we showed that although the effects of decision-making styles decreased once the effects of personality traits were taken into account, styles nevertheless remained important for several important work-related outcomes. Finally, in Study 3, on a sample of entrepreneurs, decision-making styles generally exhibited stronger correlations with indices of entrepreneurial success and employee work-related attitudes than the need for achievement, a motivational trait that was meta-analytically shown to be one of the essential traits for entrepreneurial success. In sum, we hope that our research program fills the gap in research on individual differences in decision-making, offering evidence that decision-making styles matter for various important real-life outcomes.

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“…However, this type of analysis has serious problems due to imperfect reliabilities of measures (e.g. Baron, Gürçay, & Metz, 2017), resulting in often serious Type I error inflation and unreliable conclusions about the significance and importance of predictors (e.g., Westfall & Yarkoni, 2016). To alleviate this problem and to select, among all of the possible models the most appropriate constellation of predictors for our outcomes given the data, we implemented a Bayesian…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incremental validity of decision-making styles in predicting work-related outcomes

Erceg¹,

Galić²

2022

Preprint

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Across three studies and three different samples, we investigated whether decision-making styles exhibit incremental validity in predicting various real-life outcomes over and above cognitive abilities and personality traits. In Study 1, we showed that decision-making styles (especially avoidant and spontaneous one), but not cognitive abilities, predict important real-life and academic outcomes in a sample of undergraduate students. In Study 2, on a sample of employed adults, we showed that although the effects of decision-making styles were diminished once the effects of personality traits were taken into account, styles nevertheless remained important for several important work-related outcomes. Finally, in Study 3, on a sample of entrepreneurs, decision-making styles generally exhibited stronger correlations with indices of entrepreneurial success and employee work-related attitudes than the need for achievement, a motivational trait that was meta-analytically shown to be one of the most important traits for the entrepreneurial success. In sum, we believe that our research program fills the gap in research of decision-making in organizational behavior domain, offering convincing evidence that decision-making styles matter for various important work-related outcomes.

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The CRT, system 2, reflection-impulsivity, and actively open-minded thinking

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Reduced empathic concern leads to utilitarian moral judgments in trait alexithymia

Reduced empathic concern leads to utilitarian moral judgments in trait alexithymia

Incremental Validity of Decision-Making Styles in Predicting Real-Life and Work-Related Outcomes

Incremental validity of decision-making styles in predicting work-related outcomes

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