The content of saturated fatty acids in the blood plasma of cows in the winter period depends on autonomic nervous regulation

This topic covers a wide range of aspects, including improving the genetic potential of animals through industrial crossbreeding, ensuring optimal housing conditions, and developing technologies for efficient use of the energy generated by these animals. Modern methods of industrial crossbreeding are determined by strategic plans to improve the genetic pool of animals to obtain more productive and disease-resistant offspring. Using advanced genetic technologies and modern breeding methods enhances product quality and ensures resistance to adverse factors. Considering the physiological needs of different breeds, providing appropriate nutrition and maintenance following current standards helps maintain high productivity and ensure the harmonious development of animals. In obtaining additional energy carriers, the latest technologies for using livestock waste in biogas, compost, and other energy resources are being studied. This contributes not only to the improvement of the environmental sustainability of farms but also to the use of internal resources for additional energy production. Summing up, modern approaches to the use of industrial crossing, housing conditions, and obtaining other energy carriers help solve complex tasks in animal husbandry, providing an optimal balance between productivity, efficiency, and environmental sustainability. It was established that the dynamics of live weight gains were more incredible in ½ Charolais steers when kept on deep litter, and on average up to 15 months, the average daily gains amounted to 947.9 g per day, and in purebreds under box keeping – 815.9 g; the absolute gains in live weight of purebred bulls of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed, when kept in boxes for up to 15 months, reached 367.1 kg, which is 16.18 % less than that of ½ Charolais bulls when kept on deep bedding, with a probable difference of Р < 0.001. Innovative approaches to the use of the effect of heterosis and the conditions of keeping overrepair bulls in the production of beef have positive results, where ½ Charolais crossbreeds in conditions of keeping on deep bedding reach 453.9 kg by the age of 15 months, and their purebred counterparts – 406.7 kg, with a probable difference of P < 0.001. The results of the economic efficiency of the use of industrial crossbreeding, keeping conditions of purebred and crossbred bulls, show additional profits per head of 1,468.8 UAH ½ Charolais (maintenance on deep litter) and an increase in the level of profitability by 34.40 % compared to purebred Ukrainian black and white bulls dairy breed (maintenance boxing).

Section: вступunclassified

Modern methods of using industrial crossing, keeping conditions and obtaining additional energy carriers from purebred and crossbred animals

Zhelavskyi,

Marynenko,

Butkalyuk

2024

“…Тому з вищевказаних причин все більше набирає обертів широке застосування в практиці тваринництва мікроелементів, вітамінів та інших біологічно активних речовин, з одного боку, з метою підвищення продуктивності тварин, профілактики та лікування тварин, з іншого -надходження ксенобіотиків ланцюгами живлення із навколишнього середовища в організм (Sidashova et al, 2022;Mylostyvyi et al, 2022Mylostyvyi et al, , 2023. Оптимальний вміст і співвідношення життєво необхідних мікроелементів в організмі сільськогосподарських тварин зумовлює нормальний перебіг обмінних процесів, добрий стан їхнього здоров'я і високу продуктивність (Hryshchuk et al, 2021(Hryshchuk et al, , 2022Ligomina et al, 2023). При нестачі або надлишку мікроелементів в організмі виникають захворювання, які називають мікроелементозами.…”

Section: вступunclassified

The content of microelements in the blood of young bulls after correction of diets with deficient microelements

Chabanenko,

Farionik

2023

Micronutrients, or micronutrients, are an essential component of the diet of farm animals and play a key role in their health and performance. The importance of trace elements in physiological processes and ensuring the normal functioning of the animal body is highlighted. Micronutrients affect growth, fertility, the state of the immune system, the health of the skin and coat, and metabolism. This scientific study emphasizes the importance of a balanced consumption of trace elements in the diet of farm animals to achieve high-performance indicators and ensure their overall health. It is essential to consider that the deficiency or excess of trace elements in the diet of animals can lead to various problems with health and productivity. Therefore, accurate, balanced nutrition and control over the content of trace elements are critical aspects of animal husbandry. It is essential to consider that different species of animals can show different vulnerability to trace elements, and therefore, it is necessary to ensure the correct balance of trace elements in the diet of each species of animal to preserve their health and productivity. This article describes the feeding of deficient trace elements and their chelated compounds (Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn). The research aimed to investigate the content of microelements (Cu, Pb, Mn, Co, Zn, Cd, Ni, Fe) in the blood of young cattle after correcting diets with deficient microelements. The obtained results show that the level of trace elements increased slightly in the animals of the 2nd, 3rd, and especially the 4th experimental group. Thus, at the end of the experiment, the content of trace elements in the cattle of the experimental groups was higher than in the animals of the control group. The highest amount of trace elements in the blood was observed in the fourth experimental group, which was fed chelated compounds of trace elements (methionates) in the following doses: CuMet(0.05), MnMet(0.1), ZnMet(0.1), FeMet(0.05), CoMet(0.03) mg/kg body weight.

“…Висока м᾽ясна продуктивність потребує постійного моніторингу за станом обміну речовин, здо-ров᾽ям тварин, ранньою діагностикою і своєчасним проведенням лікувально-профілактичних заходів (Stybel et al, 2021;Sidashova et al, 2022;Kuljaba et al, 2022). Весь процес обміну речовин між клітинами організму та зовнішнім середовищем відбувається через кров, яка транспортує поживні речовини до клітин, забираючи від них продукти їхнього метаболізму (Hryshchuk et al, 2021(Hryshchuk et al, , 2022. Це пояснює актуальність вивчення морфологічних і біохімічних показників крові, які мають важливе значення для оцінки рівня обміну речовин в організмі тварин, що безпосередньо впливає на продуктивність.…”

Section: вступunclassified

Hematological indicators of bulls and their meat productivity depending on the structure of the ration

Mil,

Hordiychuk,

Nahirniak

et al. 2023

The article reflects the results of long-term scientific research conducted by the department of animal feeding and feed technology on fattening cattle. The task of the research was to study the specifics of the formation of meat productivity by the body of bulls of the Volyn meat breed, depending on the level of feeding, which, under the same type of ration, fully meets the animal's need for nutrients, in particular, in dry matter, available energy, the fractional composition of protein, carbohydrates, minerals and biologically active substances. The question of the organization of full-fledged nutrition of livestock of specialized meat breeds with the same type of feeding all year round using hay-type monoforage is relevant, especially in the practice of fattening young animals, with the aim of obtaining veal meat and young beef. This type of fodder according to the recipe proposed by us is produced at the “Pchany-Dеnkovich” farm. More complex fodder mixtures of three, four and five components have also been developed, based on the principle of field-made compound feed, which has received the name grain hay. Rations of this type do not require the use of concentrated feed when fattening livestock. This is exactly the approach reflected in the materials of the scientific and practical publication on the intensity of the functional growth processes of muscle tissue without excess fat. The data obtained in our research allow us to conclude that there is a direct relationship between the total protein content in muscle tissue and the nutritional qualities of the forage in the ration. Monofeed components such as grain of corn cobs of milk-wax maturity and soybean pods provide a relatively high protein content in the feed, which ensured high average daily gains in live weight with a limited amount of concentrates. The control slaughter of bulls at the end of the experiment showed that the average pre-slaughter live weight was at the level of 541–501 kg. The slaughter yield of the carcass had a direct dependence on the structure of the ration with a slight intergroup difference, which was within 0.8–1.2 % in relation to the first group, whose ration compensated the animals' need for energy and protein due to concentrates and was usually more expensive. Therefore, the replacement of part of the concentrates in terms of nutrition of the second and third groups does not lead to a significant negative impact on the morphological composition of the carcasses, which gives reason to assert the effectiveness of such rations. The conducted studies on fattening bulls of the Volyn beef breed allow us to state that the harvesting of monoforage (corn-soybean) of the hay type, the nutritional value of which is more than 0.5 fodder unit, which contains a sufficient amount of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and mineral salts, ensures high average daily gains in live weight and has a positive effect on the quality indicators of young beef meat. The production of this type of fodder allows to produce 78.1–99.8 hundredweights of fodder unit from 1 ha of fodder area and 6.1–13.9 hundredweights of digestible protein and makes it possible to reduce the consumption of concentrated feed in the structure of the rations of fattening animals.